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Background <p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe neuropathic pain disorder frequently misdiagnosed as odontogenic pain, often leading to unnecessary dental procedures and delayed neurological diagnosis.</p> Methods <p>A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL for English-language studies published between January 2015 and January 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies involving human participants that examined the relationship between TN and dental conditions were included. Study quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Due to methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively.</p> Results <p>Ten studies were included, comprising retrospective cohorts, case series, and one cross-sectional study, with a total of 698 participants. Across studies, dental procedures—particularly extractions, endodontic treatment, and implant placement—frequently preceded TN diagnosis, most commonly reflecting misdiagnosis rather than causation. In other cases, post-procedural trigeminal neuropathic pain developed following dental interventions, suggesting iatrogenic nerve injury and inflammatory sensitization as contributing mechanisms. Overall methodological quality was moderate, limiting causal inference.</p> Conclusion <p>TN and dental conditions exhibit a complex clinical overlap driven primarily by diagnostic misattribution and, in some cases, iatrogenic nerve injury. Early recognition of TN features and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to prevent unnecessary dental interventions. Prospective studies are needed to clarify causal pathways and optimize diagnostic strategies.</p>

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The Interrelationship Between Trigeminal Neuralgia and Dental Conditions: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Pitfalls and Clinical Implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Samer H. Sharkiya,
  • Rahaf B. Salem

摘要

Background

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe neuropathic pain disorder frequently misdiagnosed as odontogenic pain, often leading to unnecessary dental procedures and delayed neurological diagnosis.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL for English-language studies published between January 2015 and January 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies involving human participants that examined the relationship between TN and dental conditions were included. Study quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Due to methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively.

Results

Ten studies were included, comprising retrospective cohorts, case series, and one cross-sectional study, with a total of 698 participants. Across studies, dental procedures—particularly extractions, endodontic treatment, and implant placement—frequently preceded TN diagnosis, most commonly reflecting misdiagnosis rather than causation. In other cases, post-procedural trigeminal neuropathic pain developed following dental interventions, suggesting iatrogenic nerve injury and inflammatory sensitization as contributing mechanisms. Overall methodological quality was moderate, limiting causal inference.

Conclusion

TN and dental conditions exhibit a complex clinical overlap driven primarily by diagnostic misattribution and, in some cases, iatrogenic nerve injury. Early recognition of TN features and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to prevent unnecessary dental interventions. Prospective studies are needed to clarify causal pathways and optimize diagnostic strategies.