A 15-Year Retrospective Study of Maxillary Odontogenic Cysts and Tumours: Demographic Analysis

The distribution and prevalence of pathologies in a specific area must be understood in order to develop a differential diagnosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency and distribution of different types of Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors affecting the Maxilla in particular over a period of 15 years based on the WHO-2022 Classification of Odontogenic Tumors and Cyst of Head and Neck and to compare the results with findings in the literature.

A multiinstitutional retrospective analysis was performed on the medical archives of patients who were diagnosed and managed for maxillary odontogenic cysts and tumors between 2008 and 2023 at various Medical Establishments of Armed Forces. Demographic data were analysed for Odontogenic Cyst and Tumors affecting the Maxilla.

Of 3562 biopsies, 722 biopsies were from Maxilla. Of the 722 specimen, a total of 618 cases of pathologies of odontogenic origin were identified, 462 (74.75%) cases were diagnosed as Odontogenic Cysts and 156 (25.25%) as Odontogenic Tumors. Male patients were more commonly affected (n = 356, 57.6%). Radicular cyst was the most common cyst (n = 232, 50.21%), while the most common tumor was Odontoma (n = 48, 30.7%).

This large multi-institutional study highlights distinct epidemiological and recurrence patterns of odontogenic cysts and tumors occurring exclusively in the maxilla. The findings emphasize the importance of site-specific evaluation, particularly for biologically aggressive lesions such as odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas, which demonstrate recurrence despite treatment. Region-focused data such as this can aid clinicians in diagnosis, surgical planning, and long-term surveillance of maxillary odontogenic lesions.