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Background <p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often arises from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. The combined diagnostic value of hematological and lipid parameters in OPMD and OSCC remains unclear.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate and compare hematological and lipid parameters in OPMD and OSCC and to assess their diagnostic utility.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study included 750 participants, categorized as healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 250), OPMD (<i>n</i> = 250), and OSCC (<i>n</i> = 250). Hematological indices (RBC, WBC, and platelets) and serum lipid metrics were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</p> Results <p>RBC count, MCHC, lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, platelet count, and HDL decreased, whereas Hb, HCT, MCV, RDW, NRBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, NLR, MPV, PDW-SD, PCT, PLCR, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and Non-HDL increased in OPMD and OSCC vs. controls. NRBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, NLR, and HDL distinguished OPMD from OSCC. Non-HDL showed the highest predictive value (AUC = 0.841). NLR, MPV, HDL, and PDW-SD also significantly differentiated OPMD from OSCC.</p> Conclusion <p>Hematological and lipid alterations in OPMD and OSCC reflect systemic dysregulation in oral carcinogenesis. Non-HDL showed the highest discriminative potential, while NLR, MPV, HDL, and PDW-SD modestly distinguished OPMD from OSCC. These findings warrant further validation before clinical application.</p>

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Diagnostic Utility of Hematological and Lipid Biomarkers in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Akhilesh Chandra,
  • Rahul Agarwal,
  • R. Keerthika,
  • Mahesh Khairnar,
  • Priyanka Singh,
  • Arpita Rai

摘要

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often arises from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), necessitating early diagnosis and treatment. The combined diagnostic value of hematological and lipid parameters in OPMD and OSCC remains unclear.

Objective

To evaluate and compare hematological and lipid parameters in OPMD and OSCC and to assess their diagnostic utility.

Methods

A cross-sectional study included 750 participants, categorized as healthy controls (n = 250), OPMD (n = 250), and OSCC (n = 250). Hematological indices (RBC, WBC, and platelets) and serum lipid metrics were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results

RBC count, MCHC, lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, platelet count, and HDL decreased, whereas Hb, HCT, MCV, RDW, NRBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, NLR, MPV, PDW-SD, PCT, PLCR, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and Non-HDL increased in OPMD and OSCC vs. controls. NRBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, NLR, and HDL distinguished OPMD from OSCC. Non-HDL showed the highest predictive value (AUC = 0.841). NLR, MPV, HDL, and PDW-SD also significantly differentiated OPMD from OSCC.

Conclusion

Hematological and lipid alterations in OPMD and OSCC reflect systemic dysregulation in oral carcinogenesis. Non-HDL showed the highest discriminative potential, while NLR, MPV, HDL, and PDW-SD modestly distinguished OPMD from OSCC. These findings warrant further validation before clinical application.