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<p>Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma notorious for diagnostic difficulty due to its deceptively benign histology. This often leads to multiple biopsies and delayed treatment. We present three new cases of oral CC and a review of the literature to highlight its characteristic features. A retrospective analysis was conducted on three patients from our institution and 86 cases from the literature (1977–2024). All three of our cases occurred in male smokers in their seventh decade, involved the mandible, and were initially misdiagnosed. Bone involvement was a consistent feature. Final diagnosis was confirmed on surgical specimens, revealing pT4aN0 disease. All patients underwent surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and remained disease-free at follow-up (1–5&#xa0;years). The literature review confirmed a male predilection and a high frequency of mandibular involvement. Oral CC is a locally aggressive tumor with a high propensity for bone invasion. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and correlation between clinical and histological findings. Despite its invasiveness, it has a favorable prognosis with adequate surgical management.</p>

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The Burrowing Beast: Unmasking Oral Carcinoma Cuniculatum—A Rare Case Series and Review of Literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Subhajit Mitra,
  • Dipti Patil,
  • Sharad Desai,
  • Jaydeep Nilkanthrao Pol,
  • Rishikesh Kumar,
  • Dnyaneshwar Chitte

摘要

Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma notorious for diagnostic difficulty due to its deceptively benign histology. This often leads to multiple biopsies and delayed treatment. We present three new cases of oral CC and a review of the literature to highlight its characteristic features. A retrospective analysis was conducted on three patients from our institution and 86 cases from the literature (1977–2024). All three of our cases occurred in male smokers in their seventh decade, involved the mandible, and were initially misdiagnosed. Bone involvement was a consistent feature. Final diagnosis was confirmed on surgical specimens, revealing pT4aN0 disease. All patients underwent surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and remained disease-free at follow-up (1–5 years). The literature review confirmed a male predilection and a high frequency of mandibular involvement. Oral CC is a locally aggressive tumor with a high propensity for bone invasion. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and correlation between clinical and histological findings. Despite its invasiveness, it has a favorable prognosis with adequate surgical management.