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Background <p>Oral cancer imposes a substantial burden on both affected individuals and the healthcare system. To date, no molecular marker has been firmly established as a prognostic indicator in oral cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a member of the proteinase family, plays a key role in extracellular matrix degradation—a critical process in cancer progression.</p> Objective <p>The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of MMP-1 as a prognostic molecular biomarker in oral cancer. Specifically, it assessed the association of MMP-1 expression with overall survival, disease-free survival, and the risk of treatment relapse or recurrence.</p> Methods <p>A total of 46 patients with oral cancer were recruited at baseline and prospectively followed for 24&#xa0;months. Additionally, 14 healthy controls were included for comparison. Serum MMP-1 concentrations were measured in both healthy controls and oral cancer patients at baseline, and in patients again after 24&#xa0;months of follow-up, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. MMP-1 levels were then correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and survival outcomes.</p> Results <p>Mean serum MMP-1 levels were significantly elevated in oral cancer patients at baseline (1.79 ± 0.93&#xa0;ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (0.69 ± 0.75&#xa0;ng/mL; p &lt; 0.05). After 24&#xa0;months of follow-up, MMP-1 levels in oral cancer patients showed a significant reduction (1.28 ± 0.85&#xa0;ng/mL) relative to baseline. Higher mean serum MMP-1 concentrations were observed in advanced-stage disease compared to localized stages. The median overall survival was 8.88&#xa0;months, with MMP-1 levels demonstrating a negative correlation with survival duration. MMP-1 exhibited 54% accuracy in predicting mortality. The median disease-free survival was 11.70&#xa0;months, with a negative correlation between MMP-1 levels and disease-free survival. Additionally, MMP-1 demonstrated 66% accuracy in predicting treatment relapse or disease recurrence.</p> Conclusion <p>MMP-1 appears to be a promising biomarker for predicting disease progression, survival outcomes, and treatment relapse in oral cancer patients. Further research is warranted to elucidate the MMP-1–mediated molecular pathways in oral cancer and to validate its utility as a clinically relevant prognostic marker.</p>

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Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as a Biomarker to Predict Disease Progression and Survival Outcomes in Oral Cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Jyoti Saini,
  • Siddharth Shah,
  • Sandhya Khunger,
  • Jaimanti Bakshi,
  • Atul Kumar Goyal

摘要

Background

Oral cancer imposes a substantial burden on both affected individuals and the healthcare system. To date, no molecular marker has been firmly established as a prognostic indicator in oral cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a member of the proteinase family, plays a key role in extracellular matrix degradation—a critical process in cancer progression.

Objective

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of MMP-1 as a prognostic molecular biomarker in oral cancer. Specifically, it assessed the association of MMP-1 expression with overall survival, disease-free survival, and the risk of treatment relapse or recurrence.

Methods

A total of 46 patients with oral cancer were recruited at baseline and prospectively followed for 24 months. Additionally, 14 healthy controls were included for comparison. Serum MMP-1 concentrations were measured in both healthy controls and oral cancer patients at baseline, and in patients again after 24 months of follow-up, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. MMP-1 levels were then correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and survival outcomes.

Results

Mean serum MMP-1 levels were significantly elevated in oral cancer patients at baseline (1.79 ± 0.93 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (0.69 ± 0.75 ng/mL; p < 0.05). After 24 months of follow-up, MMP-1 levels in oral cancer patients showed a significant reduction (1.28 ± 0.85 ng/mL) relative to baseline. Higher mean serum MMP-1 concentrations were observed in advanced-stage disease compared to localized stages. The median overall survival was 8.88 months, with MMP-1 levels demonstrating a negative correlation with survival duration. MMP-1 exhibited 54% accuracy in predicting mortality. The median disease-free survival was 11.70 months, with a negative correlation between MMP-1 levels and disease-free survival. Additionally, MMP-1 demonstrated 66% accuracy in predicting treatment relapse or disease recurrence.

Conclusion

MMP-1 appears to be a promising biomarker for predicting disease progression, survival outcomes, and treatment relapse in oral cancer patients. Further research is warranted to elucidate the MMP-1–mediated molecular pathways in oral cancer and to validate its utility as a clinically relevant prognostic marker.