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Aim <p>This study assessed complications and risk factors following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (M3Ms).</p> Material and Method <p>A total of 929 patients were included between April 2021 and December 2024. Data collected comprised demographics, medical history, lifestyle factors (smoking/alcohol), and anatomical positioning (Winter’s/Pell &amp; Gregory classifications). Complications were categorized as intraoperative (haemorrhage, nerve injury, root fragments, fracture) or postoperative (dry socket, infection, delayed healing, pain, hematoma).</p> Results <p>The overall complication rate was 18.5%, with postoperative complications (14.3%) more frequent than intraoperative (4.1%). Common complications included dry socket (3.98%), infection (3.5%), delayed healing (3.1%), prolonged pain (2.9%), haemorrhage (2.04%), and IAN injury (1.2%). Retained root fragments (0.86%) and mandibular fractures (0.1%) were rare. Systemic conditions, smoking, and complex anatomy (Winter’s/Pell &amp; Gregory, p=0.001) significantly increased risks. Older age (45–60 years) showed higher complication rates but was not statistically significant (p=0.760).</p> Conclusions <p>The findings highlight the importance of preoperative risk assessment, particularly for patients with comorbidities, smoking habits, or complex impactions. Systemic health, smoking, and anatomical positioning were significant predictors of complications, emphasizing the need for tailored surgical planning to minimize adverse outcomes.</p>

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A Comparative Analysis of Surgical Morbidity and Risk Factors in Impacted Mandibular Third-Molar Surgical Removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Sunil Yadav,
  • Sunita Malik,
  • Hitesh Chander,
  • Akash Sachdeva,
  • Rajat Goyal,
  • Vinay

摘要

Aim

This study assessed complications and risk factors following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars (M3Ms).

Material and Method

A total of 929 patients were included between April 2021 and December 2024. Data collected comprised demographics, medical history, lifestyle factors (smoking/alcohol), and anatomical positioning (Winter’s/Pell & Gregory classifications). Complications were categorized as intraoperative (haemorrhage, nerve injury, root fragments, fracture) or postoperative (dry socket, infection, delayed healing, pain, hematoma).

Results

The overall complication rate was 18.5%, with postoperative complications (14.3%) more frequent than intraoperative (4.1%). Common complications included dry socket (3.98%), infection (3.5%), delayed healing (3.1%), prolonged pain (2.9%), haemorrhage (2.04%), and IAN injury (1.2%). Retained root fragments (0.86%) and mandibular fractures (0.1%) were rare. Systemic conditions, smoking, and complex anatomy (Winter’s/Pell & Gregory, p=0.001) significantly increased risks. Older age (45–60 years) showed higher complication rates but was not statistically significant (p=0.760).

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of preoperative risk assessment, particularly for patients with comorbidities, smoking habits, or complex impactions. Systemic health, smoking, and anatomical positioning were significant predictors of complications, emphasizing the need for tailored surgical planning to minimize adverse outcomes.