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Aims <p>This study investigates anatomical variations in the mental foramen region—including the anterior loop (AL), accessory mental foramen (AMF), and lateral lingual foramen (LLF)—which may complicate implant and surgical procedures. The objective was to classify the complexity of these structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.</p> Materials and Methods <p>In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images from 703 patients (yielding 1362 mandibular halves) of an Asian population were analyzed. Evaluations were conducted on various sections of CBCT images to examine the targeted structures. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software with appropriate statistical tests.</p> Results <p>The AL was detected in 22.15% of right-side scans (mean length: 2.918&#xa0;mm; range: 1–6&#xa0;mm) and in 22.56% of left-side scans (mean length: 2.628&#xa0;mm; range: 0.9–5&#xa0;mm). The mental nerve exit was predominantly vertical (67.27%), with posterior and anterior orientations in 26.91% and 5.79% of cases, respectively. AMFs were identified in 8.27% (average count: 1.0446; bilateral occurrence: 1.51%), while LLFs were observed in 45.6% of individuals, with 24.65% showing bilateral presence.</p> Conclusion <p>The frequent occurrence of ALs, AMFs, and LLFs underscores the importance of thorough preoperative CBCT assessments to reduce surgical complications in implant and other mandibular procedures.</p>

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A Cross-Sectional CBCT Study of Anterior Loop, Accessory Mental Foramen, and Lingual Foramina in Patients’ Mandibles: Implications for Safer Implant Planning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Abbas Shokri,
  • Mohammad Mahdi Maleki,
  • Leili Tapak

摘要

Aims

This study investigates anatomical variations in the mental foramen region—including the anterior loop (AL), accessory mental foramen (AMF), and lateral lingual foramen (LLF)—which may complicate implant and surgical procedures. The objective was to classify the complexity of these structures using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images from 703 patients (yielding 1362 mandibular halves) of an Asian population were analyzed. Evaluations were conducted on various sections of CBCT images to examine the targeted structures. Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software with appropriate statistical tests.

Results

The AL was detected in 22.15% of right-side scans (mean length: 2.918 mm; range: 1–6 mm) and in 22.56% of left-side scans (mean length: 2.628 mm; range: 0.9–5 mm). The mental nerve exit was predominantly vertical (67.27%), with posterior and anterior orientations in 26.91% and 5.79% of cases, respectively. AMFs were identified in 8.27% (average count: 1.0446; bilateral occurrence: 1.51%), while LLFs were observed in 45.6% of individuals, with 24.65% showing bilateral presence.

Conclusion

The frequent occurrence of ALs, AMFs, and LLFs underscores the importance of thorough preoperative CBCT assessments to reduce surgical complications in implant and other mandibular procedures.