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Introduction <p>Following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common occurrence. One of the most popular tool used to predict PONV is the Apfel score, which takes into account variables such as postoperative opioid use, smoking status, history of motion sickness or PONV, and gender. Research on PONV especially in individuals undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery is, however, scarce. The purpose of this study was to assess the Apfel score’s applicability and examine additional risk variables unique to this patient population.</p> Aim and Objectives <p>The purpose of this research is to evaluate additional risk variables unique to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery that may enhance prediction accuracy and to ascertain whether the risk factors identified by the Apfel score are applicable to oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.</p> Materials and Method <p>Data from 174 patients who underwent Oral and Maxillofacial surgery procedures at Vydehi Institute of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bangalore, between July 2022 and December 2023 were examined retrospectively. Age, gender, history of smoking, motion sickness or PONV, type of surgery, and postoperative variables including opioid use and maxillomandibular fixation were among the data used to evaluate the patients. The incidence of PONV was measured 24&#xa0;h after surgery. To assess the correlation between risk factors and PONV incidence, statistical analysis was done.</p> Results <p>Different risk factors were examined for their correlation with PONV incidence among the 174 individuals who were studied. Gender (<i>p</i> value = 0.013), history of prior PONV or motion sickness (<i>p</i> value = 0.001), and kind of operation (<i>p</i> value = 0.042) were found to have significant relationships with PONV. Age, past smoking history, postoperative opioid use, maxillomandibular fixation, and other variables did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of PONV.</p> Conclusion <p>The study concluded that gender, a history of prior PONV or motion sickness, and the type of surgery were major risk factors for PONV in patients undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial surgery. These results emphasize how crucial it is to take certain patient traits and surgical parameters into account when predicting PONV and putting preventative measures in place. To confirm these results and enhance perioperative management techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery settings, more investigation is required.</p>

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Predicting Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Evaluating Risk Factors and Applicability of the Apfel Score

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • Aishwarya Ram Mohan,
  • Jahnavi Nimmagadda,
  • Keerthi Manohar,
  • Suresh Menon,
  • M. E. Sham,
  • S. Archana,
  • Sheron Mathews,
  • P. V. Taradevi Narayan

摘要

Introduction

Following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common occurrence. One of the most popular tool used to predict PONV is the Apfel score, which takes into account variables such as postoperative opioid use, smoking status, history of motion sickness or PONV, and gender. Research on PONV especially in individuals undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery is, however, scarce. The purpose of this study was to assess the Apfel score’s applicability and examine additional risk variables unique to this patient population.

Aim and Objectives

The purpose of this research is to evaluate additional risk variables unique to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery that may enhance prediction accuracy and to ascertain whether the risk factors identified by the Apfel score are applicable to oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Materials and Method

Data from 174 patients who underwent Oral and Maxillofacial surgery procedures at Vydehi Institute of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bangalore, between July 2022 and December 2023 were examined retrospectively. Age, gender, history of smoking, motion sickness or PONV, type of surgery, and postoperative variables including opioid use and maxillomandibular fixation were among the data used to evaluate the patients. The incidence of PONV was measured 24 h after surgery. To assess the correlation between risk factors and PONV incidence, statistical analysis was done.

Results

Different risk factors were examined for their correlation with PONV incidence among the 174 individuals who were studied. Gender (p value = 0.013), history of prior PONV or motion sickness (p value = 0.001), and kind of operation (p value = 0.042) were found to have significant relationships with PONV. Age, past smoking history, postoperative opioid use, maxillomandibular fixation, and other variables did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of PONV.

Conclusion

The study concluded that gender, a history of prior PONV or motion sickness, and the type of surgery were major risk factors for PONV in patients undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial surgery. These results emphasize how crucial it is to take certain patient traits and surgical parameters into account when predicting PONV and putting preventative measures in place. To confirm these results and enhance perioperative management techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery settings, more investigation is required.