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<p>Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that often mimics odontogenic infections, leading to diagnostic delays. A 16-year-old female presented with a painless, progressively enlarging swelling in the left mandible with intraoral pus discharge. Radiographic evaluation revealed an ill-defined radiolucent lesion with cortical loss, resembling odontogenic pathologies. Surgical drainage, sequestrectomy, and histopathological examination demonstrated granulomatous inflammation with Langhans-type giant cells and caseous necrosis. CBNAAT confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, prompting the initiation of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). The patient showed complete resolution at a 3-month follow-up. Mandibular TB is a rare entity requiring a high index of suspicion. CBNAAT serves as a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool, aiding early intervention. Timely ATT combined with surgical debridement ensures optimal outcomes.</p>

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The Masquerading Infection: Tuberculosis Presenting as Mandibular Osteomyelitis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Jesu Solomon Prakhyath,
  • Praisy Prasad,
  • Naomi Dasari,
  • P. Christina

摘要

Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the mandible is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that often mimics odontogenic infections, leading to diagnostic delays. A 16-year-old female presented with a painless, progressively enlarging swelling in the left mandible with intraoral pus discharge. Radiographic evaluation revealed an ill-defined radiolucent lesion with cortical loss, resembling odontogenic pathologies. Surgical drainage, sequestrectomy, and histopathological examination demonstrated granulomatous inflammation with Langhans-type giant cells and caseous necrosis. CBNAAT confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, prompting the initiation of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). The patient showed complete resolution at a 3-month follow-up. Mandibular TB is a rare entity requiring a high index of suspicion. CBNAAT serves as a rapid and reliable diagnostic tool, aiding early intervention. Timely ATT combined with surgical debridement ensures optimal outcomes.