Ethical Considerations in the Use of Music within Operating Theatres: Patient Autonomy Versus Therapeutic Potential

The integration of music in operating theatres offers potential benefits in reducing stress and enhancing surgical experiences. However, this practice presents intricate ethical considerations. The core debate revolves around patient autonomy and informed consent, particularly when patients are under general anaesthesia. Anesthesia-induced unconsciousness raises concerns about introducing external stimuli like music without explicit consent, necessitating a balance between therapeutic potential and ethical responsibilities. Additionally, diverse patient preferences and cultural sensitivities may require a nuanced approach such as seeking informed consent.