Chondrosarcoma of the Maxilla—A Diagnostic Challenge: A Case Report

Cartilaginous malignancies are rare in the maxillofacial skeleton. In this report, we present one such case of a chondrosarcoma of the maxilla in a 23-year-old female. The case presented as a painless swelling in the right maxillary region with the expansion of both cortical plates. Imaging depicted a mixed radiolucent-radio-opaque lesion encompassing the entire right maxillary sinus. Histological examination demonstrated a lobular pattern of cartilaginous tissue with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism. The tumour cells tested positive for vimentin and S-100. p53 was positive in 20% and Ki-67 in 5% of cells. The case was managed with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. This report highlights the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of chondrosarcoma as well as the various treatment options for the condition.