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Objective <p>This randomized-controlled pilot trial assesses the effects of a&#xa0;6-week cognitively engaging exercise intervention (CE-EX) vs. repetitive endurance exercise (R-EX), and a&#xa0;control group (CTRL), before (pre), after (post) the intervention and at a&#xa0;3-month follow-up, for executive functions (EF) in a&#xa0;sample of young adults (<i>N</i> = 46, <i>m</i><sub>age</sub> = 23.76 ± 3.26 years).</p> Methods <p>We performed a&#xa0;linear mixed model with the timepoint × group interaction and participant (ID) as random effect and EF as outcome. Since the completion rate of the intervention was low (CE-EX: 58.33%, R‑EX: 36.26%), we further performed a&#xa0;sensitivity analysis differentiating between those who received the intended dose (completers) of the intervention and those who did not (noncompleters).</p> Results <p>In the primary analysis, we did not find a&#xa0;significant interaction effect. In the sensitivity analysis, the linear mixed model resulted in significant interaction effect of timepoint × group × intervention-completion (Chi<sup>2</sup> (2) = 15.16, <i>p</i> = 0.001). In the post&#xa0;hoc tests, due to Bonferroni correction and a&#xa0;small sample size, there was no significant difference within or between groups in the post&#xa0;hoc tests. Regarding our main hypothesis of changes in EF between groups, we descriptively report a&#xa0;larger change towards better EF for CE-EX completers from pre- to postassessment than in R‑EX completers with small to moderate effects (|<i>d</i>| = 0.37).</p> Conclusion <p>Our results imply that intervention adherence plays a&#xa0;crucial role to obtain the desired positive intervention effects of exercise-inherent cognitive engagement for EF. These results should be verified in a&#xa0;larger study, which focuses on improving intervention adherence.</p>

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“mentalFIT”: a pilot, randomized controlled trial investigating cognitively engaging exercise for executive functions

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月19日

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  • Britta Seiffer,
  • Sebastian Wolf

摘要

Objective

This randomized-controlled pilot trial assesses the effects of a 6-week cognitively engaging exercise intervention (CE-EX) vs. repetitive endurance exercise (R-EX), and a control group (CTRL), before (pre), after (post) the intervention and at a 3-month follow-up, for executive functions (EF) in a sample of young adults (N = 46, mage = 23.76 ± 3.26 years).

Methods

We performed a linear mixed model with the timepoint × group interaction and participant (ID) as random effect and EF as outcome. Since the completion rate of the intervention was low (CE-EX: 58.33%, R‑EX: 36.26%), we further performed a sensitivity analysis differentiating between those who received the intended dose (completers) of the intervention and those who did not (noncompleters).

Results

In the primary analysis, we did not find a significant interaction effect. In the sensitivity analysis, the linear mixed model resulted in significant interaction effect of timepoint × group × intervention-completion (Chi2 (2) = 15.16, p = 0.001). In the post hoc tests, due to Bonferroni correction and a small sample size, there was no significant difference within or between groups in the post hoc tests. Regarding our main hypothesis of changes in EF between groups, we descriptively report a larger change towards better EF for CE-EX completers from pre- to postassessment than in R‑EX completers with small to moderate effects (|d| = 0.37).

Conclusion

Our results imply that intervention adherence plays a crucial role to obtain the desired positive intervention effects of exercise-inherent cognitive engagement for EF. These results should be verified in a larger study, which focuses on improving intervention adherence.