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<p>Seaweeds are gaining global attention as multifunctional bioresources capable of mitigating two convergent environmental challenges—nutrient-rich wastewater discharge and rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. This review presents a comprehensive SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to critically assess the scientific, technological, and policy dimensions of seaweed integration in bioremediation systems. The strengths of seaweed-based systems include high nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rates (2–5&#xa0;g N m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>), rapid CO<sub>2</sub> fixation, oxygen generation, and production of valuable biomass for biofuels, fertilizers, and bioplastics. Weaknesses, including salinity sensitivity, seasonal fluctuations in productivity, biofouling, and the uncertain long-term permanence of carbon sequestration, counterbalance these advantages. Emerging opportunities arise from aligning with circular-bioeconomy frameworks, carbon credit markets, nutrient trading schemes, and digital monitoring technologies, which can enhance scalability and transparency. However, threats persist, including ecological disturbances, policy fragmentation, and socio-economic inequities within coastal communities. The review synthesizes recent developments in genomics, AI-driven monitoring, and policy innovation to outline a strategic roadmap (2025–2040) encompassing three stages: (i) R&amp;D and MRV standardization, (ii) pilot scaling and policy mainstreaming, and (iii) global deployment integrated with carbon markets. This assessment reveals that seaweed-based bioremediation can evolve from experimental applications to a verifiable component of global blue-carbon strategies, provided that governance frameworks ensure data integrity, equity, and environmental safeguards are in place.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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SWOT Analysis of Seaweed Integration in Wastewater and CO2 Bioremediation Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Selvakumar Chandrasekaran,
  • Maheswara Reddy Pasam,
  • Darla Srinivasarao,
  • Senthilkumar Dharmaraj,
  • Prathapavarma Digala,
  • Nallusamy Duraisamy,
  • Silabarasan Tamil Selvan

摘要

Seaweeds are gaining global attention as multifunctional bioresources capable of mitigating two convergent environmental challenges—nutrient-rich wastewater discharge and rising atmospheric CO2. This review presents a comprehensive SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to critically assess the scientific, technological, and policy dimensions of seaweed integration in bioremediation systems. The strengths of seaweed-based systems include high nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rates (2–5 g N m−2 day−1), rapid CO2 fixation, oxygen generation, and production of valuable biomass for biofuels, fertilizers, and bioplastics. Weaknesses, including salinity sensitivity, seasonal fluctuations in productivity, biofouling, and the uncertain long-term permanence of carbon sequestration, counterbalance these advantages. Emerging opportunities arise from aligning with circular-bioeconomy frameworks, carbon credit markets, nutrient trading schemes, and digital monitoring technologies, which can enhance scalability and transparency. However, threats persist, including ecological disturbances, policy fragmentation, and socio-economic inequities within coastal communities. The review synthesizes recent developments in genomics, AI-driven monitoring, and policy innovation to outline a strategic roadmap (2025–2040) encompassing three stages: (i) R&D and MRV standardization, (ii) pilot scaling and policy mainstreaming, and (iii) global deployment integrated with carbon markets. This assessment reveals that seaweed-based bioremediation can evolve from experimental applications to a verifiable component of global blue-carbon strategies, provided that governance frameworks ensure data integrity, equity, and environmental safeguards are in place.

Graphical abstract