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<p>Efficient organic waste bioconversion using insects offers a sustainable approach to managing organic residues. This study evaluated the effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and daily light exposure on the growth, development, survival, waste reduction efficiency, and frass nutrient quality of <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (black soldier fly) larvae. A full factorial randomized block design was implemented, testing four levels of temperature (20&#xa0;°C, 25&#xa0;°C, 30&#xa0;°C, 35&#xa0;°C), four levels of RH (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%), and four light exposure durations (0, 6, 12, 18&#xa0;h/day), resulting in 64 treatment combinations with three replicates per treatment. Larvae were reared in standardised containers on a homogenised substrate composed of kitchen scraps, agricultural residues, and winery waste. Data on larval weight, length, growth rate, survival, waste reduction efficiency, and frass nutrient content (N, P, K) were collected systematically. The results indicated that larval growth, survival, and waste reduction were maximised at 30&#xa0;°C, 70% RH, and 12-hour light exposure, with frass exhibiting higher nutrient concentrations under these conditions. The ANOVA results confirmed that temperature, humidity, and light exposure, along with their interactions, significantly influenced all measured parameters (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These findings provide empirically validated environmental conditions to optimise larval bioconversion efficiency and frass quality, offering practical guidance for scalable and sustainable insect-based waste management systems.</p>

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Optimising Environmental Conditions for Sustainable Maggot Production from Organic Waste: Influence of Temperature, Humidity, and Light on Hermetia illucens Growth and Bioconversion Efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Timoth Mkilima,
  • Mary Lauwo,
  • Laurah Gutu,
  • Moses Basitere

摘要

Efficient organic waste bioconversion using insects offers a sustainable approach to managing organic residues. This study evaluated the effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and daily light exposure on the growth, development, survival, waste reduction efficiency, and frass nutrient quality of Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) larvae. A full factorial randomized block design was implemented, testing four levels of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C), four levels of RH (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%), and four light exposure durations (0, 6, 12, 18 h/day), resulting in 64 treatment combinations with three replicates per treatment. Larvae were reared in standardised containers on a homogenised substrate composed of kitchen scraps, agricultural residues, and winery waste. Data on larval weight, length, growth rate, survival, waste reduction efficiency, and frass nutrient content (N, P, K) were collected systematically. The results indicated that larval growth, survival, and waste reduction were maximised at 30 °C, 70% RH, and 12-hour light exposure, with frass exhibiting higher nutrient concentrations under these conditions. The ANOVA results confirmed that temperature, humidity, and light exposure, along with their interactions, significantly influenced all measured parameters (p < 0.05). These findings provide empirically validated environmental conditions to optimise larval bioconversion efficiency and frass quality, offering practical guidance for scalable and sustainable insect-based waste management systems.