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<p>Agricultural waste, such as citrus bioproducts, presents an opportunity for valorization into bio-based products. Orange waste (peel and bagasse) was converted to bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction. This study focuses on the physicochemical and thermophysical characterization of the resulting crude bio-oil to explore potential applications and gain insights into its thermal properties. Analyses included density, chemical oxygen demand, Photoacoustic and Infrared spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy, and thermal properties measurements (effusivity, conductivity, diffusivity). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis disclosed a significant presence of furan derivatives, primarily hydroxymethylfurfural (36.22%), furfural (18.32%), and 2-furancarboxyaldehyde-5-methyl- (12.65%). A complete thermal characterization was achieved: thermal effusivity (1561 Ws<sup>1/2</sup>/m K), thermal conductivity (0.5482 W/(m K)), specific heat (3977.6&#xa0;J/(kg K)), and density (1026.985&#xa0;kg/m<sup>3</sup>). Molecular structure, bonding, and interactions within the bio-oil that influence thermal wave propagation were obtained using Monte Carlo simulations, thereby providing insights into the system’s free energy. This characterization provides groundwork for designing separation and refining processes to derive value-added products from orange waste bio-oil within a biorefinery approach.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Study of Thermophysical and Physicochemical Properties of Bio-Oil from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Orange Waste

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Gemima Lara Hernández,
  • Nayda P Arias Duque,
  • Albino Martínez Sibaja,
  • Alejandro Alvarado Lassman,
  • Juan Pablo Arrubla Vélez,
  • Jose Jesus Agustin Flores Cuautle

摘要

Agricultural waste, such as citrus bioproducts, presents an opportunity for valorization into bio-based products. Orange waste (peel and bagasse) was converted to bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction. This study focuses on the physicochemical and thermophysical characterization of the resulting crude bio-oil to explore potential applications and gain insights into its thermal properties. Analyses included density, chemical oxygen demand, Photoacoustic and Infrared spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy, and thermal properties measurements (effusivity, conductivity, diffusivity). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis disclosed a significant presence of furan derivatives, primarily hydroxymethylfurfural (36.22%), furfural (18.32%), and 2-furancarboxyaldehyde-5-methyl- (12.65%). A complete thermal characterization was achieved: thermal effusivity (1561 Ws1/2/m K), thermal conductivity (0.5482 W/(m K)), specific heat (3977.6 J/(kg K)), and density (1026.985 kg/m3). Molecular structure, bonding, and interactions within the bio-oil that influence thermal wave propagation were obtained using Monte Carlo simulations, thereby providing insights into the system’s free energy. This characterization provides groundwork for designing separation and refining processes to derive value-added products from orange waste bio-oil within a biorefinery approach.

Graphical Abstract