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Abstract <p>The valorization of fruit and food waste offers a sustainable and innovative approach for the management of various metabolic conditions. Food and fruit waste generation is increasing globally, creating both environmental and biomedical challenges. Approximately 1.05 billion tonnes of food waste are generated worldwide at the consumer level, with fruits and vegetables contributing nearly 38%, resulting in significant economic losses estimated at ~ USD 1 trillion annually from food loss and waste combined, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environment Programme, along with substantial environmental impacts, including 8–10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this literature is to comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds (BACs) derived from food waste contribute to the prevention and management of metabolic disorders. This review is based on a structured literature search using major scientific databases, focusing on recent studies related to food waste–derived bioactive compounds and metabolic diseases. These fruit and food waste products are rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, dietary fibers, and essential fatty acids, which exert beneficial effects on human health. Mechanistically, these compounds act through multiple biological pathways: (i) reduction of oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species scavenging; (ii) modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB and Nrf2; (iii) regulation of lipid metabolism through enzymes such as HMG-CoA reductase; and (iv) influence on gene expression, mitochondrial function, and gut microbiota composition. Collectively, these mechanisms contribute to the prevention and management of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The current review discusses recent molecular research findings and future opportunities for the development of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and functional food applications, while promoting environmental sustainability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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From Food Waste to Bioactive Compounds: Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism Against Metabolic Diseases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Rohit Doke,
  • Kuldeep Vinchurkar,
  • Anbhule Sachin Jalindar,
  • Sheeba Shafi,
  • Naheed Kausar,
  • Anil Kumar Singh,
  • Sudarshan Singh

摘要

Abstract

The valorization of fruit and food waste offers a sustainable and innovative approach for the management of various metabolic conditions. Food and fruit waste generation is increasing globally, creating both environmental and biomedical challenges. Approximately 1.05 billion tonnes of food waste are generated worldwide at the consumer level, with fruits and vegetables contributing nearly 38%, resulting in significant economic losses estimated at ~ USD 1 trillion annually from food loss and waste combined, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization and United Nations Environment Programme, along with substantial environmental impacts, including 8–10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this literature is to comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds (BACs) derived from food waste contribute to the prevention and management of metabolic disorders. This review is based on a structured literature search using major scientific databases, focusing on recent studies related to food waste–derived bioactive compounds and metabolic diseases. These fruit and food waste products are rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, dietary fibers, and essential fatty acids, which exert beneficial effects on human health. Mechanistically, these compounds act through multiple biological pathways: (i) reduction of oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species scavenging; (ii) modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB and Nrf2; (iii) regulation of lipid metabolism through enzymes such as HMG-CoA reductase; and (iv) influence on gene expression, mitochondrial function, and gut microbiota composition. Collectively, these mechanisms contribute to the prevention and management of metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The current review discusses recent molecular research findings and future opportunities for the development of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and functional food applications, while promoting environmental sustainability.

Graphical Abstract