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Purpose <p>Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HApNPs) were fabricated through valorization of unexplored snailshell biowaste of <i>Brotia costula</i> and <i>Filopaludina bengalensis</i>, mediated with nitrogen-fixing aquatic biomass, <i>Azolla pinnata</i> extract, via calcination and chemical precipitation methods to illustrate their beneficial effect as a seed priming and nanofertilizer agent for white and black rice.</p> Methods and Results <p>The biosynthesized HApNPs possess irregular rod-shaped nanoparticles (22.5–93.7&#xa0;nm), with appreciable stability as per FESEM and DLS analysis. EDX, UV–Vis, TGA, and XRD confirmed the formation of nitrogen-impregnated calcium- and phosphorus-rich HApNPs, with high thermal stability, degree of crystallinity, and phase purity. FTIR shows phosphate and hydroxyl peaks, along with amide and C–O/C–N bands, indicating successful incorporation of <i>Azolla</i>-derived biomolecules. The hydroponic method investigates the impact of seed priming with different HApNPs concentrations (5–100&#xa0;mg/L) compared to control hydroprimed (0&#xa0;mg/L) seeds treated with distilled water under identical conditions. The results revealed that at 50&#xa0;mg/L HApNPs concentration,&#xa0;100% germination was achieved in white rice on day 4 and black rice on day&#xa0;5, with 30% and 25% increase over control. Furthermore, 50&#xa0;mg/L HApNPs significantly increased white and black rice seedling’s root length (11.97% and 10.73%), shoot length (16.31% and 16.14%), seed vigour index (14% and 13%), fresh weight (103.8% and 57.79%), dry weight (94.21% and 64.51%), amylase activity and ROS localization compared to control.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings highlight the economic recycling of snailshell biowaste and <i>Azolla</i> aquatic weed into sustainable multifunctional, novel nanomaterials that can serve as efficient seed priming agents and N-containing Ca–P nanofertilizers to improve crop productivity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Derived from Dual Valorization of Snail Shell Biowaste and Azolla Biomass as a Seed Priming and Fertilizer Agent of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Rojibala Rajkumari,
  • Akoijam Nishikanta,
  • Amit Seth

摘要

Purpose

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HApNPs) were fabricated through valorization of unexplored snailshell biowaste of Brotia costula and Filopaludina bengalensis, mediated with nitrogen-fixing aquatic biomass, Azolla pinnata extract, via calcination and chemical precipitation methods to illustrate their beneficial effect as a seed priming and nanofertilizer agent for white and black rice.

Methods and Results

The biosynthesized HApNPs possess irregular rod-shaped nanoparticles (22.5–93.7 nm), with appreciable stability as per FESEM and DLS analysis. EDX, UV–Vis, TGA, and XRD confirmed the formation of nitrogen-impregnated calcium- and phosphorus-rich HApNPs, with high thermal stability, degree of crystallinity, and phase purity. FTIR shows phosphate and hydroxyl peaks, along with amide and C–O/C–N bands, indicating successful incorporation of Azolla-derived biomolecules. The hydroponic method investigates the impact of seed priming with different HApNPs concentrations (5–100 mg/L) compared to control hydroprimed (0 mg/L) seeds treated with distilled water under identical conditions. The results revealed that at 50 mg/L HApNPs concentration, 100% germination was achieved in white rice on day 4 and black rice on day 5, with 30% and 25% increase over control. Furthermore, 50 mg/L HApNPs significantly increased white and black rice seedling’s root length (11.97% and 10.73%), shoot length (16.31% and 16.14%), seed vigour index (14% and 13%), fresh weight (103.8% and 57.79%), dry weight (94.21% and 64.51%), amylase activity and ROS localization compared to control.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the economic recycling of snailshell biowaste and Azolla aquatic weed into sustainable multifunctional, novel nanomaterials that can serve as efficient seed priming agents and N-containing Ca–P nanofertilizers to improve crop productivity.

Graphical Abstract