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<p>This study presents an innovative and eco-friendly approach for breaking down lignin into nanoparticles with strong antibiofilm properties using a microbial peroxide producing cell (MPPC). The MPPC system generates hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and simultaneously treats wastewater. By introducing Kraft lignin into the catholyte of an H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-producing MPPC and incorporating iron to initiate the electrochemical Fenton process, hydroxyl radicals were generated, facilitating lignin degradation into nanoparticles. The system demonstrated impressive performance, maintaining an average potential of 0.204 ± 0.0037&#xa0;V and achieving maximal electrochemical production of 31.21 ± 0.30&#xa0;mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, with an average of 18.63 ± 0.44&#xa0;mM. Additionally, it achieved significant BOD and COD removal rates of 80% and 91%, respectively. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, 2D HSQC NMR, DLS, TEM, XRD, and thermal analyses, confirmed the successful breakdown of lignin into nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 109&#xa0;nm. XRD analysis revealed a transition from amorphous to crystalline structure, while thermal studies indicated improved thermal stability compared to unmodified lignin. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against the fungal pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i>. This research highlights a sustainable strategy for lignin valorization, contributing to the development of eco-friendly materials with potential applications in antimicrobial and waste management fields.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced Lignin Breakdown and Nanoparticle Formation via Microbial Peroxide Producing Cell Showcasing Antibiofilm Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Changsomba Chang,
  • Pratima Gupta

摘要

This study presents an innovative and eco-friendly approach for breaking down lignin into nanoparticles with strong antibiofilm properties using a microbial peroxide producing cell (MPPC). The MPPC system generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and simultaneously treats wastewater. By introducing Kraft lignin into the catholyte of an H2O2-producing MPPC and incorporating iron to initiate the electrochemical Fenton process, hydroxyl radicals were generated, facilitating lignin degradation into nanoparticles. The system demonstrated impressive performance, maintaining an average potential of 0.204 ± 0.0037 V and achieving maximal electrochemical production of 31.21 ± 0.30 mM H2O2, with an average of 18.63 ± 0.44 mM. Additionally, it achieved significant BOD and COD removal rates of 80% and 91%, respectively. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, 2D HSQC NMR, DLS, TEM, XRD, and thermal analyses, confirmed the successful breakdown of lignin into nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 109 nm. XRD analysis revealed a transition from amorphous to crystalline structure, while thermal studies indicated improved thermal stability compared to unmodified lignin. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. This research highlights a sustainable strategy for lignin valorization, contributing to the development of eco-friendly materials with potential applications in antimicrobial and waste management fields.

Graphical Abstract