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<p>Research in the area of wastewater treatment has made significant strides through the development of innovative materials that address critical environmental concerns. Currently, many researchers are utilizing advanced separation techniques at an industrial scale for the purification of effluents. These processes offer practical solutions in the industry, including design flexibility and socio-economic feasibility through scale-up, as well as reduced freshwater consumption through water reclamation after removing various contaminants. The present study focuses on the production of reusable water from alkali-pretreated biomass, integrated with a membrane process. The obtained lignin-rich rice straw mother liquor is initially pretreated with alkali, followed by reverse osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) for water reclamation. The homogeneously synthesized membranes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for structural interpretation and surface morphology analysis. The bench-scale experiments were conducted using RO and NF membranes at a constant pressure of 8&#xa0;bar, which demonstrated water recoveries (WR) of 65% and 74%, respectively. Based on the results, the NF process is scaled up to a pilot level to enhance WR to 80% for the economic viability of the integrated process. High rejection of color and conductivity was achieved at an operating pressure of 21&#xa0;bar on a pilot level, and the level of pollutants in the permeate was acceptable for effluent discharge or reuse in industry. NF was found to be a significantly cost-efficient technique with higher WR, which directly contributes to pollution control by avoiding discharge to the environment and landfills.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Sustainable Integrated Approach for Water Reclamation from Alkali-Pretreated Rice Straw Mother Liquor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Badhrachalam Narkuti,
  • Bukke Vani,
  • Bhoga Arundhathi,
  • K. Santhosh Nayak,
  • P. Anand,
  • Swayampakula Kalyani,
  • Sundergopal Sridhar

摘要

Research in the area of wastewater treatment has made significant strides through the development of innovative materials that address critical environmental concerns. Currently, many researchers are utilizing advanced separation techniques at an industrial scale for the purification of effluents. These processes offer practical solutions in the industry, including design flexibility and socio-economic feasibility through scale-up, as well as reduced freshwater consumption through water reclamation after removing various contaminants. The present study focuses on the production of reusable water from alkali-pretreated biomass, integrated with a membrane process. The obtained lignin-rich rice straw mother liquor is initially pretreated with alkali, followed by reverse osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) for water reclamation. The homogeneously synthesized membranes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for structural interpretation and surface morphology analysis. The bench-scale experiments were conducted using RO and NF membranes at a constant pressure of 8 bar, which demonstrated water recoveries (WR) of 65% and 74%, respectively. Based on the results, the NF process is scaled up to a pilot level to enhance WR to 80% for the economic viability of the integrated process. High rejection of color and conductivity was achieved at an operating pressure of 21 bar on a pilot level, and the level of pollutants in the permeate was acceptable for effluent discharge or reuse in industry. NF was found to be a significantly cost-efficient technique with higher WR, which directly contributes to pollution control by avoiding discharge to the environment and landfills.

Graphical Abstract