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Abstract <p>Tomato cultivation in Morocco generates considerable amount of waste and residues, yet their valorization remains limited due to the presence of parasitic nematodes. Composting was used previously for tomato waste treatment but its suppressive power regarding nematodes removal remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential of controlled composting regarding the suppression of nematode populations. Six composting experiments were conducted in an optimized bioreactor using different formulations (E1: manure-based compost; E2: sludge-based compost; E3: microbial-based compost; E4: seaweed-based compost; E5: olive mill-based compost; E6: chitin-based compost) based on lignocellulosic matrix and different inoculum and substrates. Samples were taken from different stages of composting prior to analysis. The stability and maturity of the compost were assessed using physicochemical parameters, humification, complexation through spectroscopy UV–visible, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that trials using seaweed digestate (E4), olive mill wastewater (E5), and chitosan (E6) extended the thermophilic phase, with temperatures ranging between 61 and 72&#xa0;°C, pH above 8, moisture levels between 46 and 75%, and produced the highest humic substance contents (18.7% for E4, 26.8% for E5, and 28.9% for E6). These treatments also achieved the highest nematode reduction rates (54% for E4, 53% for E5, and 34% for E6) while maintaining a germination index up to 80% for turnips. These findings highlight a positive correlation between an advanced degree of humification (high Q4/Q6 ratios and aromatic FTIR peaks) and nematocidal efficacy. Thus, tomato residue-based compost, enriched with various suitable and appropriate substrate in mixtures E5 and E6, could serves as a potential nematode-suppressive amendment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable Valorization of Tomato Waste Through Composting with Nematode-Suppressive Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Nidal Zrikam,
  • Adil Mazar,
  • Youssef El Kharrassi,
  • Abdelaziz Nilahyane,
  • Loubna El Fels,
  • Yedir Ouhdouch,
  • Lamfeddal Kouisni,
  • Mohamed Hafidi,
  • Amine Ezzariai

摘要

Abstract

Tomato cultivation in Morocco generates considerable amount of waste and residues, yet their valorization remains limited due to the presence of parasitic nematodes. Composting was used previously for tomato waste treatment but its suppressive power regarding nematodes removal remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential of controlled composting regarding the suppression of nematode populations. Six composting experiments were conducted in an optimized bioreactor using different formulations (E1: manure-based compost; E2: sludge-based compost; E3: microbial-based compost; E4: seaweed-based compost; E5: olive mill-based compost; E6: chitin-based compost) based on lignocellulosic matrix and different inoculum and substrates. Samples were taken from different stages of composting prior to analysis. The stability and maturity of the compost were assessed using physicochemical parameters, humification, complexation through spectroscopy UV–visible, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that trials using seaweed digestate (E4), olive mill wastewater (E5), and chitosan (E6) extended the thermophilic phase, with temperatures ranging between 61 and 72 °C, pH above 8, moisture levels between 46 and 75%, and produced the highest humic substance contents (18.7% for E4, 26.8% for E5, and 28.9% for E6). These treatments also achieved the highest nematode reduction rates (54% for E4, 53% for E5, and 34% for E6) while maintaining a germination index up to 80% for turnips. These findings highlight a positive correlation between an advanced degree of humification (high Q4/Q6 ratios and aromatic FTIR peaks) and nematocidal efficacy. Thus, tomato residue-based compost, enriched with various suitable and appropriate substrate in mixtures E5 and E6, could serves as a potential nematode-suppressive amendment.

Graphical Abstract