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<p>The sustainable reuse of organic residues is a key strategy for reducing the ecological footprint of mushroom cultivation and promoting a circular bioeconomy. Green coconut husks and biomass from the invasive grass <i>Arundo donax</i> were evaluated as alternative lignocellulosic substrates for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>. Five substrate formulations combining different proportions of coconut husk and shredded <i>A. donax</i> biomass were tested and compared with a conventional eucalyptus sawdust control. Mycelial colonization time, onset and duration of fruiting, cumulative fresh yield, fresh and dry mass, and carbon, nitrogen, and protein concentrations of the fruiting bodies were assessed. Substrates enriched with <i>A. donax</i>, particularly the 75:25 mixture (<i>A. donax</i>: coconut husk), reduced colonization time by up to 10&#xa0;days and achieved the longest production period and highest fresh yield (308g). The coconut-only substrate produced mushrooms with higher dry matter content (27.1% vs. 15.2% in the control), whereas the 100% <i>A. donax</i> substrate enhanced nitrogen and protein concentrations. Overall, both residues proved suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation, providing a functional outlet for challenging-to-manage lignocellulosic wastes by converting them into productive substrates that yield nutritious food while contributing to environmental mitigation and the promotion of a circular bioeconomy.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p> <p>Experimental workflow illustrating the use of <i>Arundo donax</i> and green coconut husk as biomass sources for formulating alternative substrates (S1–S5) for mushroom cultivation, followed by the evaluation of substrate performance and mushroom water and nutrient content, showing that S2 achieved the highest yield and the longest fruiting period, whereas the coconut-only substrate (S5) produced mushrooms with the highest dry matter content.</p>

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Sustainable Reuse of Coconut Husk and Arundo donax Biomass for Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Gabriel Barbosa dos Santos,
  • Sofia Coradini Schirmer,
  • Ana Júlia Pereira Rodrigues,
  • Cristiane Silva Ferreira,
  • Mayara Oliveira Sousa Rodrigues,
  • Amanda Rodrigues Marques dos Santos,
  • Chiara Tawane Lauriola,
  • Helson Mario Martins do Vale,
  • Danilo Batista Pinho,
  • Jefferson Brendon Almeida dos Reis

摘要

The sustainable reuse of organic residues is a key strategy for reducing the ecological footprint of mushroom cultivation and promoting a circular bioeconomy. Green coconut husks and biomass from the invasive grass Arundo donax were evaluated as alternative lignocellulosic substrates for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. Five substrate formulations combining different proportions of coconut husk and shredded A. donax biomass were tested and compared with a conventional eucalyptus sawdust control. Mycelial colonization time, onset and duration of fruiting, cumulative fresh yield, fresh and dry mass, and carbon, nitrogen, and protein concentrations of the fruiting bodies were assessed. Substrates enriched with A. donax, particularly the 75:25 mixture (A. donax: coconut husk), reduced colonization time by up to 10 days and achieved the longest production period and highest fresh yield (308g). The coconut-only substrate produced mushrooms with higher dry matter content (27.1% vs. 15.2% in the control), whereas the 100% A. donax substrate enhanced nitrogen and protein concentrations. Overall, both residues proved suitable for oyster mushroom cultivation, providing a functional outlet for challenging-to-manage lignocellulosic wastes by converting them into productive substrates that yield nutritious food while contributing to environmental mitigation and the promotion of a circular bioeconomy.

Graphic abstract

Experimental workflow illustrating the use of Arundo donax and green coconut husk as biomass sources for formulating alternative substrates (S1–S5) for mushroom cultivation, followed by the evaluation of substrate performance and mushroom water and nutrient content, showing that S2 achieved the highest yield and the longest fruiting period, whereas the coconut-only substrate (S5) produced mushrooms with the highest dry matter content.