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Purpose <p>This study explores a sustainable approach to valorize mushroom residue (MR) through vermicomposting, aiming to enhance nutrient recovery and promote circular bioeconomy practices. The primary research question addresses how varying MR-to-cow dung (CD) ratios influence earthworm performance, nutrient dynamics, and compost quality.</p> Methods <p>A total of eleven MR/CD treatments were established and monitored over a 48-day period using <i>Perionyx excavatus</i> earthworms. Physicochemical parameters, including nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, organic matter, total organic carbon, pH&#xa0;and electrical conductivity were periodically assessed to evaluate vermicomposting efficiency and substrate balance.</p> Results <p>The 50/50 MR/CD ratio was identified as the optimal mixture, significantly improving earthworm growth and reproduction compared with other ratios. Nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium contents increased by 56.2%, 39.4%, and 48.9%, respectively, and improved Ca (3.59%), Mg (0.34%), Cu (28.97&#xa0;mg/kg), and Zn (150.89&#xa0;mg/kg) concentrations. The C/N and C/P ratios decreased by 39.93% and 32.69%, respectively, indicating advanced decomposition and nutrient mineralization. Electrical conductivity (EC) peaked at 2.03&#xa0;mS/cm, confirming effective mineralization and ion release.</p> Conclusion <p>Substrate composition plays a pivotal role in determining vermicomposting performance and nutrient enrichment. Integrating MR with CD in a 50/50 ratio offers an efficient and eco-friendly solution for organic residue recycling. Although the experiment was conducted at laboratory scale, the results provide a foundation for field-level studies to assess long-term soil health and crop productivity impacts of MR-based vermicompost.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of Mushroom Residue and Cow Dung Through Optimized Vermicomposting for Sustainable Biofertilizer Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Chin-Wen Wang,
  • Gobinda Dey,
  • Raju Kumar Sharma,
  • Shafiqa Ali,
  • Manish Sutradhar,
  • Pin-Yun Lin,
  • Jyoti Prakash Maity,
  • Chien-Yen Chen

摘要

Purpose

This study explores a sustainable approach to valorize mushroom residue (MR) through vermicomposting, aiming to enhance nutrient recovery and promote circular bioeconomy practices. The primary research question addresses how varying MR-to-cow dung (CD) ratios influence earthworm performance, nutrient dynamics, and compost quality.

Methods

A total of eleven MR/CD treatments were established and monitored over a 48-day period using Perionyx excavatus earthworms. Physicochemical parameters, including nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, organic matter, total organic carbon, pH and electrical conductivity were periodically assessed to evaluate vermicomposting efficiency and substrate balance.

Results

The 50/50 MR/CD ratio was identified as the optimal mixture, significantly improving earthworm growth and reproduction compared with other ratios. Nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium contents increased by 56.2%, 39.4%, and 48.9%, respectively, and improved Ca (3.59%), Mg (0.34%), Cu (28.97 mg/kg), and Zn (150.89 mg/kg) concentrations. The C/N and C/P ratios decreased by 39.93% and 32.69%, respectively, indicating advanced decomposition and nutrient mineralization. Electrical conductivity (EC) peaked at 2.03 mS/cm, confirming effective mineralization and ion release.

Conclusion

Substrate composition plays a pivotal role in determining vermicomposting performance and nutrient enrichment. Integrating MR with CD in a 50/50 ratio offers an efficient and eco-friendly solution for organic residue recycling. Although the experiment was conducted at laboratory scale, the results provide a foundation for field-level studies to assess long-term soil health and crop productivity impacts of MR-based vermicompost.

Graphical Abstract