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<p>Peels and seeds are the main byproducts of <i>Saba comorensis</i> fruits, which are potential sources of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides. Extraction of such bioactive compounds from byproducts promotes recovery strategy through valorization. Therefore the objective of the present study was to extract polysaccharides from peels and seeds of <i>S. comorensis</i> fruits, characterize and assess their biological activities. Polysaccharides were extracted using hot water method, characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), moreover, the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of the extracted polysaccharides were assessed using radical scavenging methods, disk diffusion method and MTT assay, respectively. Results revealed that peels had significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher polysaccharide yield (11.54 ± 0.92&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g) and total sugar content (54.41 ± 3.82%) than seeds. The FTIR spectra showed transmittance peaks that align with the functional groups present in the polysaccharides. Furthermore, XRD suggested the amorphous nature of the extracted polysaccharides, while SEM indicated that both of the polysaccharides had irregular shapes and rough surfaces. Nevertheless, the antioxidant assays of both polysaccharides exhibited strong ABTS radical and DPPH radical scavenging ability, however moderate antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria were observed. Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed non-toxicity of extracted polysaccharides toward normal Vero CCL-81 cells. Overall, the findings suggest that polysaccharides from <i>S. comorensis</i> fruit byproducts may be regarded as the source of antioxidant polysaccharides.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of Saba comorensis Fruit Byproducts as Sources of Bioactive Polysaccharides: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Bhoke Marwa Nyaisaba,
  • Rose Justus Masalu,
  • Cyprian Beda Mpinda

摘要

Peels and seeds are the main byproducts of Saba comorensis fruits, which are potential sources of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides. Extraction of such bioactive compounds from byproducts promotes recovery strategy through valorization. Therefore the objective of the present study was to extract polysaccharides from peels and seeds of S. comorensis fruits, characterize and assess their biological activities. Polysaccharides were extracted using hot water method, characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), moreover, the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of the extracted polysaccharides were assessed using radical scavenging methods, disk diffusion method and MTT assay, respectively. Results revealed that peels had significantly (p < 0.05) higher polysaccharide yield (11.54 ± 0.92 g/100 g) and total sugar content (54.41 ± 3.82%) than seeds. The FTIR spectra showed transmittance peaks that align with the functional groups present in the polysaccharides. Furthermore, XRD suggested the amorphous nature of the extracted polysaccharides, while SEM indicated that both of the polysaccharides had irregular shapes and rough surfaces. Nevertheless, the antioxidant assays of both polysaccharides exhibited strong ABTS radical and DPPH radical scavenging ability, however moderate antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria were observed. Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed non-toxicity of extracted polysaccharides toward normal Vero CCL-81 cells. Overall, the findings suggest that polysaccharides from S. comorensis fruit byproducts may be regarded as the source of antioxidant polysaccharides.

Graphical Abstract