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Purpose <p>Processing of catfish fillets generates large amounts of bone by-products, usually discarded or used as low-value feed. Converting these residues into value-added products improves resource efficiency and reduces environmental impact. This study aimed to establish a sustainable method for synthesizing bio-based calcium lactate (CaL), a bio-calcium compound of nutritional and pharmaceutical interest, from catfish bones.</p> Methods <p>Catfish bones were separated from organics, treated with NaOH to remove impurities, calcined, and ground into bone powder (FBP). FBP was reacted with phosphoric acid to produce dicalcium phosphate (DCP), which was further calcined and reacted with lactic acid to form CaL. The effects of calcination temperature and time of DCP, lactic acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on CaL yield were investigated. Characterization was performed using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and TGA.</p> Results <p>Experimental results indicated that the yield of CaL formation increased with higher calcination temperature of DCP, longer calcination time, and extended reaction time. The yield of CaL formation rose when the reaction temperature increased from 30 to 60&#xa0;°C. Although it slightly decreased at even higher temperatures. Furthermore, the yield of CaL formation decreased as the concentration of lactic acid increased.</p> Conclusion <p>Optimal conditions for producing CaL products with high purity and yield were identified as a lactic acid concentration of 1.0&#xa0;M, a calcination temperature of 1000&#xa0;°C, a calcination time of 6&#xa0;h, a reaction time of 1&#xa0;h, and a reaction temperature of 60&#xa0;°C.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bio-Based Calcium Lactate Production from by-Products of Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Fillet Processing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Kien-Quoc Le,
  • Lien-Huong Huynh,
  • Bich-Thuyen Nguyen-Thi,
  • Minh-Phu Tran,
  • Quoc-Viet Thieu-Quang,
  • Nam Nghiep Tran,
  • Quoc-Phong Ho

摘要

Purpose

Processing of catfish fillets generates large amounts of bone by-products, usually discarded or used as low-value feed. Converting these residues into value-added products improves resource efficiency and reduces environmental impact. This study aimed to establish a sustainable method for synthesizing bio-based calcium lactate (CaL), a bio-calcium compound of nutritional and pharmaceutical interest, from catfish bones.

Methods

Catfish bones were separated from organics, treated with NaOH to remove impurities, calcined, and ground into bone powder (FBP). FBP was reacted with phosphoric acid to produce dicalcium phosphate (DCP), which was further calcined and reacted with lactic acid to form CaL. The effects of calcination temperature and time of DCP, lactic acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on CaL yield were investigated. Characterization was performed using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and TGA.

Results

Experimental results indicated that the yield of CaL formation increased with higher calcination temperature of DCP, longer calcination time, and extended reaction time. The yield of CaL formation rose when the reaction temperature increased from 30 to 60 °C. Although it slightly decreased at even higher temperatures. Furthermore, the yield of CaL formation decreased as the concentration of lactic acid increased.

Conclusion

Optimal conditions for producing CaL products with high purity and yield were identified as a lactic acid concentration of 1.0 M, a calcination temperature of 1000 °C, a calcination time of 6 h, a reaction time of 1 h, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C.

Graphical Abstract