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<p>Bottom ash generated by the incineration of municipal solid waste displays low-activity pozzolanic properties. However, the coarse particles (≥ 2.36 mm) in the bottom ash contain fewer contaminants and lower concentrations of salts and heavy metals compared to fine particles. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the reactivity of these coarse particles. The micro-powder regenerated from them (CBAP-MP) was used to partially replace cement (10%, 20%, 30%) in paste and mortar. The results show that CBAP-MP, characterized by its low CaO content (about 18%) and dominance of stable crystalline phases (e.g., quartz), slowed early cement hydration. This reduction in early hydration kinetics decreased the 28-day compressive strength of mortar with 30% CBAP-MP to 42.0 MPa, which is 35.2% lower than&#xa0;that of&#xa0;the reference mortar. However, the continuous pozzolanic reaction of CBAP-MP contributed to later-age strength development, allowing the 90-day compressive strength of the same mortar to reach approximately 70% of the reference. Furthermore, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., Cr: 2.38 mg/L) from the 28-day paste with 30% CBAP-MP were all significantly below the limits set by Chinese regulations.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hydration Characteristics, Microstructure, and Mortar Properties of Incineration Bottom Ash-cement Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Yongzhen Cheng,
  • Weiye Mu

摘要

Bottom ash generated by the incineration of municipal solid waste displays low-activity pozzolanic properties. However, the coarse particles (≥ 2.36 mm) in the bottom ash contain fewer contaminants and lower concentrations of salts and heavy metals compared to fine particles. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the reactivity of these coarse particles. The micro-powder regenerated from them (CBAP-MP) was used to partially replace cement (10%, 20%, 30%) in paste and mortar. The results show that CBAP-MP, characterized by its low CaO content (about 18%) and dominance of stable crystalline phases (e.g., quartz), slowed early cement hydration. This reduction in early hydration kinetics decreased the 28-day compressive strength of mortar with 30% CBAP-MP to 42.0 MPa, which is 35.2% lower than that of the reference mortar. However, the continuous pozzolanic reaction of CBAP-MP contributed to later-age strength development, allowing the 90-day compressive strength of the same mortar to reach approximately 70% of the reference. Furthermore, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., Cr: 2.38 mg/L) from the 28-day paste with 30% CBAP-MP were all significantly below the limits set by Chinese regulations.

Graphical Abstract