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<p>The exploitation of waste glass powder (WGP, particle size ≤ 75&#xa0;μm) as an auxiliary cementitious component for the partial substitution of cement in the production of low-carbon, eco-friendly grouting materials is investigated. Grout fluidity and solidified body compressive strength are key parameters in grouting. The study evaluates WGP's impact on cement-based grout properties with multiple water–solid ratios (<i>w</i>/<i>s</i>). WGP content ranges from 0 to 40%, and scenarios with and without NaOH activator (Na<sub>2</sub>O content of 4%) are compared across different <i>w</i>/<i>s</i> ratios (0.5–1.0) and curing ages (3–112&#xa0;d). Results show that without NaOH, appropriate WGP (e.g., 10%) improves grout fluidity and long-term strength of low <i>w</i>/<i>s</i> solidified bodies. With NaOH, fluidity drops and strength declines, especially at high WGP contents. Fluidity and strength are jointly affected by <i>w</i>/<i>s</i> ratio, WGP content, and the NaOH activator, accompanied by intricate interactions. Microstructural analysis via SEM and EDS reveals various hydration products, like layered and platy Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>, needle-like ettringite, and flocculent, coral-like, and granular C-(A)-S-H. After NaOH addition, coral-like C-(A)-S-H and abundant ettringite dominate. WGP addition increases silica and reduces the Ca/Si ratio in hydrated products. The findings are applicable for utilizing waste glass, reducing cement use and CO₂ emissions, and promoting sustainable grouting materials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fluidity and Strength Characteristics of Grouts Utilizing Waste Glass Powder as Cementitious Substitute: Effects of Content and Alkaline Activator

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Chao Deng,
  • Liuxi Li,
  • Xinzhong Wang,
  • Yuting Tan,
  • Yi Zhou,
  • Zhichao Xu,
  • Dan Zhang,
  • Wenqin Yan

摘要

The exploitation of waste glass powder (WGP, particle size ≤ 75 μm) as an auxiliary cementitious component for the partial substitution of cement in the production of low-carbon, eco-friendly grouting materials is investigated. Grout fluidity and solidified body compressive strength are key parameters in grouting. The study evaluates WGP's impact on cement-based grout properties with multiple water–solid ratios (w/s). WGP content ranges from 0 to 40%, and scenarios with and without NaOH activator (Na2O content of 4%) are compared across different w/s ratios (0.5–1.0) and curing ages (3–112 d). Results show that without NaOH, appropriate WGP (e.g., 10%) improves grout fluidity and long-term strength of low w/s solidified bodies. With NaOH, fluidity drops and strength declines, especially at high WGP contents. Fluidity and strength are jointly affected by w/s ratio, WGP content, and the NaOH activator, accompanied by intricate interactions. Microstructural analysis via SEM and EDS reveals various hydration products, like layered and platy Ca(OH)2, needle-like ettringite, and flocculent, coral-like, and granular C-(A)-S-H. After NaOH addition, coral-like C-(A)-S-H and abundant ettringite dominate. WGP addition increases silica and reduces the Ca/Si ratio in hydrated products. The findings are applicable for utilizing waste glass, reducing cement use and CO₂ emissions, and promoting sustainable grouting materials.

Graphical Abstract