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<p>The evolution and refinement of heterogeneous catalysts incorporating non-noble metals are vital for biomass conversion. The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reaction serves as an essential technique for the eco-friendly catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL), using 2-propanol as the source of hydrogen. In this study, a series of ZrO<sub>2</sub> modified Cu/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts with varying zirconia loadings (10, 20, and 30&#xa0;wt%) synthesized through a solution combustion method and evaluated their efficiency in converting LA to GVL. A range of analytical techniques has been employed to analyse the structural and chemical properties of the synthesised catalysts. The ZrO<sub>2</sub> content plays a significant role in influencing the overall performance of the catalyst. Notably, C20ZrA achieved the highest conversion rate (98%) and selectivity (100%) at 200&#xa0;°C over a 3-h period due to the highly dispersed copper species and strong basic sites, which are obtained from the ZrO<sub>2</sub> particles. The optimal reaction conditions were identified to enhance the activity, and the exceptional performance of the catalyst was attributed to synergistic interactions between copper and zirconia. The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and reusability, maintaining high activity even after five consecutive cycles, highlighting the potential of Cu-supported ZrO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts for efficient biomass conversion, particularly in the production of GVL from LA. These findings underscore the potential of Cu-supported ZrO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts as efficient, eco-friendly alternatives for catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions, advancing the development of cost-effective and scalable technologies for producing renewable chemicals like GVL from biomass feedstocks.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Combustion Induced Synthesis of Cu–ZrO2–Al2O3 Catalysts for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Sivudu Chiragoni,
  • Kumara Swamy Koppadi,
  • Saidulu Ganji,
  • Nagaraju Nekkala,
  • Kavitha Siddoju

摘要

The evolution and refinement of heterogeneous catalysts incorporating non-noble metals are vital for biomass conversion. The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reaction serves as an essential technique for the eco-friendly catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL), using 2-propanol as the source of hydrogen. In this study, a series of ZrO2 modified Cu/Al2O3 catalysts with varying zirconia loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt%) synthesized through a solution combustion method and evaluated their efficiency in converting LA to GVL. A range of analytical techniques has been employed to analyse the structural and chemical properties of the synthesised catalysts. The ZrO2 content plays a significant role in influencing the overall performance of the catalyst. Notably, C20ZrA achieved the highest conversion rate (98%) and selectivity (100%) at 200 °C over a 3-h period due to the highly dispersed copper species and strong basic sites, which are obtained from the ZrO2 particles. The optimal reaction conditions were identified to enhance the activity, and the exceptional performance of the catalyst was attributed to synergistic interactions between copper and zirconia. The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and reusability, maintaining high activity even after five consecutive cycles, highlighting the potential of Cu-supported ZrO2–Al2O3 catalysts for efficient biomass conversion, particularly in the production of GVL from LA. These findings underscore the potential of Cu-supported ZrO2–Al2O3 catalysts as efficient, eco-friendly alternatives for catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions, advancing the development of cost-effective and scalable technologies for producing renewable chemicals like GVL from biomass feedstocks.

Graphical Abstract