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<p>Agrifood waste is a major global challenge posing significant environmental impacts. However, it holds an untapped potential of valuable byproduct that can be recirculated for functional applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study sweet orange peel essential oil (SOP-EO) was extracted by steam distillation and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. SOP-EO was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal potential. SOP-EO was also evaluated in detail for cytotoxic effects, apoptotic potential and inhibition of cancer cell migration. The results revealed that D-limonene (based on relative peak area) was predominant component in SOP-EO (91.153%) followed by β-Mycrene (4.160%). EO restricted the growth of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (22.66 ± 2.08&#xa0;mm) and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (20.5 ± 0.57&#xa0;mm). SOP-EO exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100&#xa0;µl/ml and 50&#xa0;µl/ml against <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Penicillium griseofulvum</i>, respectively. Wheat grains treated with EO (till 50&#xa0;µl/ml) showed no evidence of fungal contamination till 15 days of storage. SOP-EO was cytotoxic in a dose dependent manner and IC<sub>50</sub> values were 376&#xa0;µg/ml for PC3, 414&#xa0;µg/ml for MDA-MB-231, 361&#xa0;µg/ml for MCF-7 and 238&#xa0;µg/ml for HCT-116 cells. All cell lines showed a EO dose dependent suppression of colony formation, formation of activated caspases and inhibition of cancer cell migration. Due to low cost and bioactive potential, SOP-EO can be used as a natural preservative with anticancer potential.</p>

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Food Preservation and Cytotoxic Potential of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Essential Oil: From Underutilized Citrus Byproducts to Value Addition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Mahnoor Syed,
  • Moazzam Ali,
  • Khadija Rashid,
  • Saeeda Fatima,
  • Muhammad Bilal Sadiq

摘要

Agrifood waste is a major global challenge posing significant environmental impacts. However, it holds an untapped potential of valuable byproduct that can be recirculated for functional applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study sweet orange peel essential oil (SOP-EO) was extracted by steam distillation and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. SOP-EO was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal potential. SOP-EO was also evaluated in detail for cytotoxic effects, apoptotic potential and inhibition of cancer cell migration. The results revealed that D-limonene (based on relative peak area) was predominant component in SOP-EO (91.153%) followed by β-Mycrene (4.160%). EO restricted the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (22.66 ± 2.08 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (20.5 ± 0.57 mm). SOP-EO exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 µl/ml and 50 µl/ml against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium griseofulvum, respectively. Wheat grains treated with EO (till 50 µl/ml) showed no evidence of fungal contamination till 15 days of storage. SOP-EO was cytotoxic in a dose dependent manner and IC50 values were 376 µg/ml for PC3, 414 µg/ml for MDA-MB-231, 361 µg/ml for MCF-7 and 238 µg/ml for HCT-116 cells. All cell lines showed a EO dose dependent suppression of colony formation, formation of activated caspases and inhibition of cancer cell migration. Due to low cost and bioactive potential, SOP-EO can be used as a natural preservative with anticancer potential.