Utilizing High-Nutrient Agricultural Biomass as an Alternative Poultry Feed for a Sustainable Food Supply
摘要
Abundant agricultural waste can be used as poultry feed livestock because it contains a variety of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. This review paper aims to study the potential of agricultural waste for poultry feedstuffs. This review was constructed to analyze findings from previous research by collecting data from SCOPUS database. Agricultural waste contains different protein compositions in the range of 7–30% from crop waste, 20–40% from livestock waste, 18–40% from agro-industrial waste, and 20–60% from aquaculture waste. It can be used as a full diet or as a supplement, depending on the nutritional needs of the poultry. Converting agricultural waste into poultry feed involves several processes: collection, pre-treatment, mixing, extrusion, cooling, and drying. Agricultural waste feedstuffs have been shown positively effect on poultry growth performance and produce good meat quality to meet consumer acceptance. The economic value of agricultural wastes as poultry feedstuffs has been addressed, including low land requirements, decreased greenhouse gas emissions, low feed-food competition, and the low cost of waste management and raw materials. Several challenges on this biomass-based feedstuff application, like biomass availability and quality, digestibility issues, balanced nutrition ratio as well as concerns of toxins. Therefore, agricultural waste as feedstuff can serve as an alternative feedstuff due to its nutritional composition that meets the needs for poultry to growth. Thus, it will decrease reliance on imported components like soybeans and maize, and contribute to environment sustainability.