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<p><i>Agaves</i> are emblematic plants from Mexico with a central role in the manufacture of tequila and mezcal. The increasing global demand for these traditional spirits is generating substantial amounts of lignocellulosic waste (LCW) in the form of leaves and bagasse. Despite being rich in valuable biopolymer such as cellulose, this LCW is typically discarded, posing environmental and economic challenges. However, <i>Agave</i> LCW represents a promising and underutilized source of cellulose that can be transformed into nanocellulose (NC), a novel nanomaterial with outstanding properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies for obtaining NC from <i>Agaves</i> LCW, covering chemical, mechanical, enzymatical, and subcritical water technologies. It also outlines key characterization techniques used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of NC. Additionally, the potential applications of <i>Agave</i> derived NC in diverse sectors are highlighted, with particular emphasis on its use as reinforcer of biopolymer films and as stabilizer in Pickering emulsions. Technical limitations hindering industrial scalability, safety, and regulatory acceptance are also addressed. Overall, the valorization of <i>Agave</i> LCW into NC aligns with circular economy by promoting waste reduction, offering a sustainable pathway to mitigate environmental issues, while unlocking new opportunities for developing next-generation materials and food systems.</p>

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Nanocellulose from Agaves: Obtention, Characterization and Potential Application in Food Packaging and Pickering Emulsions—A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Orlando A. Manzanares-Meza,
  • Juliana Morales-Castro,
  • Héctor A. Ruiz,
  • Ana M. Avila-Galván,
  • Susana Rojas-Varela,
  • Blanca E. Morales-Contreras,
  • María Inés Guerra-Rosas,
  • Walfred Rosas-Flores,
  • Juan G. Báez-González,
  • Sergio A. Galindo-Rodríguez,
  • Minerva Bautista-Villarreal

摘要

Agaves are emblematic plants from Mexico with a central role in the manufacture of tequila and mezcal. The increasing global demand for these traditional spirits is generating substantial amounts of lignocellulosic waste (LCW) in the form of leaves and bagasse. Despite being rich in valuable biopolymer such as cellulose, this LCW is typically discarded, posing environmental and economic challenges. However, Agave LCW represents a promising and underutilized source of cellulose that can be transformed into nanocellulose (NC), a novel nanomaterial with outstanding properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies for obtaining NC from Agaves LCW, covering chemical, mechanical, enzymatical, and subcritical water technologies. It also outlines key characterization techniques used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of NC. Additionally, the potential applications of Agave derived NC in diverse sectors are highlighted, with particular emphasis on its use as reinforcer of biopolymer films and as stabilizer in Pickering emulsions. Technical limitations hindering industrial scalability, safety, and regulatory acceptance are also addressed. Overall, the valorization of Agave LCW into NC aligns with circular economy by promoting waste reduction, offering a sustainable pathway to mitigate environmental issues, while unlocking new opportunities for developing next-generation materials and food systems.