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<p>Biomass-derived carbons are gaining attention as sustainable supports for electrocatalysts in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This work presents a fully green approach for fabricating platinum-free counter electrodes (CEs) by integrating rice husk–derived reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with nickel–cobalt mixed metal oxide (NiCoMMO). The novelty of this study lies in utilizing agro-waste rGO to form a highly conductive network that synergistically interacts with bimetallic redox-active sites (Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺, Co²⁺/Co³⁺), enhancing charge transport and catalytic activity. rGO (15–25 wt%) was optimized, with NiCoMMO-rG3 (25 wt%) achieving the highest photovoltaic performance (η = 7.18%, J<sub>sc</sub> = 16.98&#xa0;mA cm⁻², Voc = 0.76&#xa0;V, FF = 57%), comparable to Pt-based CEs. Structural (XRD, Raman, XPS) and electrochemical (CV, Tafel, EIS) analyses confirmed improved porosity, conductivity, and triiodide reduction kinetics. The device retained 96% of its initial efficiency after 30 days. This study demonstrates a sustainable, low-cost pathway to develop high-performance Pt-free CEs by upcycling agricultural waste into functional photovoltaic materials.</p>

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Biomass-Derived rGO–Ni, Co Mixed-Oxide Counter Electrodes: A Sustainable Route To Pt-Free DSSCs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • T. Rajkumar,
  • S. Navaneethan,
  • V. Saravanan,
  • R. Ramamoorthy

摘要

Biomass-derived carbons are gaining attention as sustainable supports for electrocatalysts in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This work presents a fully green approach for fabricating platinum-free counter electrodes (CEs) by integrating rice husk–derived reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with nickel–cobalt mixed metal oxide (NiCoMMO). The novelty of this study lies in utilizing agro-waste rGO to form a highly conductive network that synergistically interacts with bimetallic redox-active sites (Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺, Co²⁺/Co³⁺), enhancing charge transport and catalytic activity. rGO (15–25 wt%) was optimized, with NiCoMMO-rG3 (25 wt%) achieving the highest photovoltaic performance (η = 7.18%, Jsc = 16.98 mA cm⁻², Voc = 0.76 V, FF = 57%), comparable to Pt-based CEs. Structural (XRD, Raman, XPS) and electrochemical (CV, Tafel, EIS) analyses confirmed improved porosity, conductivity, and triiodide reduction kinetics. The device retained 96% of its initial efficiency after 30 days. This study demonstrates a sustainable, low-cost pathway to develop high-performance Pt-free CEs by upcycling agricultural waste into functional photovoltaic materials.