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<p>To enhance the cost-effectiveness of producing fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, low enzyme loading and high solid concentrations are applied in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose (EHLC). Adding surfactants can greatly promote EHLC, leading to a reduction in enzyme usage and overall process expenses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-ionic surfactants (Span 20, Span 80, Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100) on EHLC from oxalic acid-pretreated oil palm trunk (OPT) biomass (1.0%, w/v oxalic acid, 120&#xa0;min, 120&#xa0;°C). Triton X-100 enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPT more effectively than other non-ionic surfactants tested, with a conversion of 82.3% achieved using 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 at moderate cellulase dosage (15 FPU/g cellulose). Moreover, the highest glucose concentration of 63.7&#xa0;g/L was attainable at high solid loading (20%, w/v). The proposed mechanism reveals that the adsorption of Triton X-100 onto lignin and its derivatives effectively reduced cellulase adsorption on lignin and stimulated the EHLC. The present work provides an effective and promising process for industrial EHLC, particularly suitable for biomass with greater lignin content.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Stimulating Effect of Non-Ionic Surfactants on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Trunk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Nurul Adela Bukhari,
  • Soh Kheang Loh,
  • Mohamad Azri Sukiran,
  • Abu Bakar Nasrin,
  • Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi,
  • Peer Mohamed Abdul,
  • Jian Ping Tan

摘要

To enhance the cost-effectiveness of producing fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, low enzyme loading and high solid concentrations are applied in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose (EHLC). Adding surfactants can greatly promote EHLC, leading to a reduction in enzyme usage and overall process expenses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-ionic surfactants (Span 20, Span 80, Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100) on EHLC from oxalic acid-pretreated oil palm trunk (OPT) biomass (1.0%, w/v oxalic acid, 120 min, 120 °C). Triton X-100 enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of OPT more effectively than other non-ionic surfactants tested, with a conversion of 82.3% achieved using 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 at moderate cellulase dosage (15 FPU/g cellulose). Moreover, the highest glucose concentration of 63.7 g/L was attainable at high solid loading (20%, w/v). The proposed mechanism reveals that the adsorption of Triton X-100 onto lignin and its derivatives effectively reduced cellulase adsorption on lignin and stimulated the EHLC. The present work provides an effective and promising process for industrial EHLC, particularly suitable for biomass with greater lignin content.

Graphical Abstract