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<p>This study presents a comprehensive approach to quantifying and optimizing hesperidin extraction from dried citrus peels (DP) collected from Kerman Province. Hesperidin, a valuable flavonoid with diverse biological activities, was accurately quantified in citrus peel samples using quantitative <sup>1</sup> H nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR). The hesperidin content in the samples was determined, with the highest concentration found to be 142.81&#xa0;mg/g DP in the Jiroft region. To optimize the extraction process from the selected sample, a fractional factorial design (FFD) was employed to investigate the influence of key parameters, including particle size, solvent composition, temperature, and extraction duration. This systematic optimization yielded hesperidin extracts ranging from 65.3 to 158.2&#xa0;mg/g DP, demonstrating that the FFD-optimized single-step extraction achieved a significantly higher hesperidin yield than conventional single-step conditions. Overall, this study highlights the potential of integrating qHNMR for precise quantification with FFD-based optimization to achieve high hesperidin yields from citrus waste, thereby contributing to the sustainable valorization of natural resources.</p>

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qHNMR-Based Quantification of Hesperidin in Citrus Peels from Kerman Province and Statistical Optimization of Extraction Using Fractional Factorial Design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Mojtaba Shakibaie,
  • Samira Eghbali,
  • Mitra Mehrabani,
  • Satar Saberi,
  • Faegheh Farhadi

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive approach to quantifying and optimizing hesperidin extraction from dried citrus peels (DP) collected from Kerman Province. Hesperidin, a valuable flavonoid with diverse biological activities, was accurately quantified in citrus peel samples using quantitative 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR). The hesperidin content in the samples was determined, with the highest concentration found to be 142.81 mg/g DP in the Jiroft region. To optimize the extraction process from the selected sample, a fractional factorial design (FFD) was employed to investigate the influence of key parameters, including particle size, solvent composition, temperature, and extraction duration. This systematic optimization yielded hesperidin extracts ranging from 65.3 to 158.2 mg/g DP, demonstrating that the FFD-optimized single-step extraction achieved a significantly higher hesperidin yield than conventional single-step conditions. Overall, this study highlights the potential of integrating qHNMR for precise quantification with FFD-based optimization to achieve high hesperidin yields from citrus waste, thereby contributing to the sustainable valorization of natural resources.