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<p>Green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant attention for its environmental sustainability compared to conventional chemical methods. In this study, we introduce an innovative, eco-friendly approach for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using, for the first time, the unexploited pulp extract from <i>Argania spinosa</i> (L.) as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. The pulp extract, rich in key compounds like Squalene (44.95%), (Z)-9-Octadecenamide (13.32%), and Oleic Acid (5.33%), was combined with silver nitrate under optimized conditions to produce AgNPs. Characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation with a peak at 445&#xa0;nm, while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 90&#xa0;nm in size. Zeta potential measurements indicated good stability, with a negative surface charge of -15.16 mV and a low polydispersity index of 0.45. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature and phase purity of the synthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties, showing potent activity in both the DPPH radical-scavenging assay (IC<sub>50</sub> = 112.52 ± 5.15&#xa0;µg/ml) and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (IC<sub>50</sub> = 15.60 ± 2.50&#xa0;µg/ml). Additionally, the AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (76.20%), tyrosinase (64.70%), and α-glucosidase (73.45%), surpassing standard inhibitors. Furthermore, the AgNPs displayed excellent antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (12.51 ± 0.18&#xa0;mm inhibition zone) and moderate activity against Gram-negative <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (08.24 ± 0.24&#xa0;mm). These findings demonstrate the potential of AgNPs as multifunctional agents with promising antibacterial, antioxidant, and therapeutic applications.</p>

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An Innovative Method for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Argan Pulp Extract as Bioreductant for Efficient Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Omar Drissi,
  • Sara Ghazi,
  • Badre Daoudi,
  • Rachid Hsissou,
  • Mohamed Ouknin,
  • Asmaa Oubihi,
  • Mouna Azogagh,
  • Mohamed Rafik,
  • Nadia EL Harfaoui,
  • Khalid Nouneh

摘要

Green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained significant attention for its environmental sustainability compared to conventional chemical methods. In this study, we introduce an innovative, eco-friendly approach for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using, for the first time, the unexploited pulp extract from Argania spinosa (L.) as both a stabilizing and reducing agent. The pulp extract, rich in key compounds like Squalene (44.95%), (Z)-9-Octadecenamide (13.32%), and Oleic Acid (5.33%), was combined with silver nitrate under optimized conditions to produce AgNPs. Characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed nanoparticle formation with a peak at 445 nm, while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 90 nm in size. Zeta potential measurements indicated good stability, with a negative surface charge of -15.16 mV and a low polydispersity index of 0.45. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature and phase purity of the synthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant properties, showing potent activity in both the DPPH radical-scavenging assay (IC50 = 112.52 ± 5.15 µg/ml) and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (IC50 = 15.60 ± 2.50 µg/ml). Additionally, the AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (76.20%), tyrosinase (64.70%), and α-glucosidase (73.45%), surpassing standard inhibitors. Furthermore, the AgNPs displayed excellent antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (12.51 ± 0.18 mm inhibition zone) and moderate activity against Gram-negative Enterobacter cloacae (08.24 ± 0.24 mm). These findings demonstrate the potential of AgNPs as multifunctional agents with promising antibacterial, antioxidant, and therapeutic applications.