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<p>This study investigates the effects of microbial inoculants (<i>Fusarium solani</i> and <i>Bacillus cereus</i>) on terpene degradation and microbial network regulation during pine sawdust composting for sustainable mushroom substrate preparation. Results showed that the inoculants reduced α-pinene by 84% and completely degraded β-pinene, significantly enhancing terpene removal efficiency compared to natural composting. Metabolomic analysis revealed a simplified metabolic network in inoculated composts, driven by reduced redundant pathways (e.g., starch metabolism) and enrichment of limonene degradation (map00903). LEfSe analysis identified <i>Cyberlindnera</i> and <i>Debaryomyces</i> as key genera facilitating early-stage limonene conversion, accelerating α- and β-pinene breakdown. Spearman correlations linked <i>Bacillus</i> dominance to lignin degradation and <i>Fusarium</i> to terpene transformation. The inoculated compost achieved a seed germination index (GI) of &gt; 100%, confirming its suitability for mushroom mycelial growth. Even at 70% pine sawdust incorporation, the substrate supported robust <i>Phallus dongsun</i> colonization, exhibiting dense mycelial structures. These findings highlight microbial inoculants as a sustainable strategy to optimize terpene biodegradation, metabolic network efficiency, and mushroom substrate production. This study advances the understanding of functional microbial consortia in composting systems and provides a novel approach for valorizing terpene-rich biomass.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Microbial Inoculant-Driven Terpene Degradation and Microbial Network Regulation in Pine Sawdust Composting for Sustainable Mushroom Substrate Preparation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Chao Kang,
  • Wankun Wang,
  • Xuan Zheng,
  • Zhongxuan Liu,
  • Weijun Zeng,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Yaowei He,
  • Jing Huang,
  • Fang Wang,
  • Wenxing Nie,
  • Yunchuan Long

摘要

This study investigates the effects of microbial inoculants (Fusarium solani and Bacillus cereus) on terpene degradation and microbial network regulation during pine sawdust composting for sustainable mushroom substrate preparation. Results showed that the inoculants reduced α-pinene by 84% and completely degraded β-pinene, significantly enhancing terpene removal efficiency compared to natural composting. Metabolomic analysis revealed a simplified metabolic network in inoculated composts, driven by reduced redundant pathways (e.g., starch metabolism) and enrichment of limonene degradation (map00903). LEfSe analysis identified Cyberlindnera and Debaryomyces as key genera facilitating early-stage limonene conversion, accelerating α- and β-pinene breakdown. Spearman correlations linked Bacillus dominance to lignin degradation and Fusarium to terpene transformation. The inoculated compost achieved a seed germination index (GI) of > 100%, confirming its suitability for mushroom mycelial growth. Even at 70% pine sawdust incorporation, the substrate supported robust Phallus dongsun colonization, exhibiting dense mycelial structures. These findings highlight microbial inoculants as a sustainable strategy to optimize terpene biodegradation, metabolic network efficiency, and mushroom substrate production. This study advances the understanding of functional microbial consortia in composting systems and provides a novel approach for valorizing terpene-rich biomass.

Graphical Abstract