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<p>This study was conducted at the Research Farm, FSR Centre (AICRP-IFS), SKUAST-Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, during the <i>rabi</i> season of 2019–2020. Using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), sixteen treatments were applied in triplicate. Treatments included combinations of raw farm waste, raw farm waste soaked in urine, chopped farm waste and chopped farm waste Soaked with Urine mixed with cow dung (4:1), as well as supplemented these combinations with various biodegradable agents such as <i>Eisenia foetida</i>, <i>Perionyxexcavatus</i>, and a waste decomposer. Results showed that the physicochemical parameters of composting, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and moisture content, were not significantly affected by the treatments over a 20-day period. However, the combination of chopped farm waste soaked in urine, mixed with cow dung (4:1) and inoculated with <i>Eiseniafoetida</i> (CFW SWU + CD (4:1) + EF), significantly enhanced organic carbon content, carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, and CO<sub>2</sub> evolution during composting. This treatment also increased nutrient levels (N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), temperature, moisture content, and microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) as compost matured over 90&#xa0;days. The yield of vermicompost reached 3.37&#xa0;kg/cft, with a productivity increase of 51.66%.Additionally, the maximum recovery of organic matter was observed under the CFW SWU + CD (4:1) + EF treatment, achieving 52% and 46% in unsieved and sieved processes, respectively. Compost yield positively correlated with several parameters, including EC, organic carbon, nutrient levels, and microbial populations, while negatively correlating with pH and manganese.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Impact of Various Biodegradable Agents and Techniques on Farm Waste Decomposition for High-Quality Compost

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Asif Ali,
  • Dileep Kachroo,
  • A. K. Gupta,
  • Brajeshwar Singh

摘要

This study was conducted at the Research Farm, FSR Centre (AICRP-IFS), SKUAST-Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha, during the rabi season of 2019–2020. Using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), sixteen treatments were applied in triplicate. Treatments included combinations of raw farm waste, raw farm waste soaked in urine, chopped farm waste and chopped farm waste Soaked with Urine mixed with cow dung (4:1), as well as supplemented these combinations with various biodegradable agents such as Eisenia foetida, Perionyxexcavatus, and a waste decomposer. Results showed that the physicochemical parameters of composting, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and moisture content, were not significantly affected by the treatments over a 20-day period. However, the combination of chopped farm waste soaked in urine, mixed with cow dung (4:1) and inoculated with Eiseniafoetida (CFW SWU + CD (4:1) + EF), significantly enhanced organic carbon content, carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, and CO2 evolution during composting. This treatment also increased nutrient levels (N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), temperature, moisture content, and microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) as compost matured over 90 days. The yield of vermicompost reached 3.37 kg/cft, with a productivity increase of 51.66%.Additionally, the maximum recovery of organic matter was observed under the CFW SWU + CD (4:1) + EF treatment, achieving 52% and 46% in unsieved and sieved processes, respectively. Compost yield positively correlated with several parameters, including EC, organic carbon, nutrient levels, and microbial populations, while negatively correlating with pH and manganese.

Graphical Abstract