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<p>This study investigates the chemical valorization of agro-industrial waste to develop high-performance sunscreen formulations using polyphenol-enriched chitosan-PVA-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites. Plant waste materials, including pomegranate peel, green tea leaves, banana peel, and almond shell, underwent chemical extraction to yield bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds, with pomegranate peel providing the highest phenolic (92.347 ± 3.1&#xa0;mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (48.692 ± 1.4&#xa0;mg QE/g). These extracts were chemically integrated into nanocomposites with particle sizes below 60&#xa0;nm and polydispersity indices &lt; 0.22. Sunscreen formulations (gel and cream) with 2–10% nanocomposite concentrations achieved SPF values up to 28.692 ± 1.5, significantly outperforming the TiO<sub>2</sub> control (12.619 ± 0.9). Photostability tests demonstrated minimal SPF reduction (2.312 ± 0.4% for 10% gel) after 8&#xa0;h of UV exposure, reflecting enhanced chemical stability. Formulations maintained stable pH, viscosity, and no phase separation over 30 days. This sustainable approach transforms agricultural byproducts into effective, photostable sunscreens, advancing eco-friendly cosmeceutical innovation. One-way ANOVA confirmed significant differences in bioactive content and extraction yields (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.004). SPF and photostability were analyzed using ANOVA with Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), while formulations’ stability was validated by repeated-measures ANOVA (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>

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Valorization of Agro-Industrial Waste into Polyphenol-Enriched Chitosan-PVA-TiO2 Nanocomposites for Sustainable Photoprotective Sunscreens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Rima Heider Al Omari,
  • Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda,
  • Rekha M. M.,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Kattela Chennakesavulu,
  • Renu Sharma,
  • Shaima Messa

摘要

This study investigates the chemical valorization of agro-industrial waste to develop high-performance sunscreen formulations using polyphenol-enriched chitosan-PVA-TiO2 nanocomposites. Plant waste materials, including pomegranate peel, green tea leaves, banana peel, and almond shell, underwent chemical extraction to yield bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds, with pomegranate peel providing the highest phenolic (92.347 ± 3.1 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (48.692 ± 1.4 mg QE/g). These extracts were chemically integrated into nanocomposites with particle sizes below 60 nm and polydispersity indices < 0.22. Sunscreen formulations (gel and cream) with 2–10% nanocomposite concentrations achieved SPF values up to 28.692 ± 1.5, significantly outperforming the TiO2 control (12.619 ± 0.9). Photostability tests demonstrated minimal SPF reduction (2.312 ± 0.4% for 10% gel) after 8 h of UV exposure, reflecting enhanced chemical stability. Formulations maintained stable pH, viscosity, and no phase separation over 30 days. This sustainable approach transforms agricultural byproducts into effective, photostable sunscreens, advancing eco-friendly cosmeceutical innovation. One-way ANOVA confirmed significant differences in bioactive content and extraction yields (p < 0.004). SPF and photostability were analyzed using ANOVA with Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.01), while formulations’ stability was validated by repeated-measures ANOVA (p > 0.05).