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<p>This study systematically evaluates the effects of granular activated carbon (GAC) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) on methanogenic performance during the anaerobic co-digestion of multicomponent organic solid wastes, including cow manure (CM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including measurements of methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and microbial community composition. Both GAC and PAC were individually tested and found to significantly enhance methane yields. The highest cumulative methane yield was obtained in the PAC4 group (591.00 mL g⁻¹ VS), representing an 18.67% increase over the control, while GAC6 reached 565.25 mL g⁻¹ VS, increased 13.50% comparing with the control. The maximum methane production rate (R<sub>m</sub>) increased by up to 16.74% with PAC addition and 16.18% with GAC addition. Organic matter degradation was also improved, with SCOD removal efficiencies up to 94.85% in PAC4 group versus 67.17% in the control. The addition of GAC and PAC improved microbial community structure by increasing the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes, which facilitated VFAs production. Microbial community analysis revealed that GAC enriched the acetoclastic methanogen <i>Methanothrix</i> (up to 63.82%), whereas PAC promoted hydrogenotrophic <i>Methanomassiliicoccus</i>. At equivalent dosages, PAC exhibited a more pronounced effect on methane enhancement compared to GAC, highlighting the crucial role of particle size in regulating methanogenic pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing methane production during anaerobic digestion through targeted use of activated carbon and offering practical strategies for optimizing waste-to-energy systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced Anaerobic Co-digestion of Organic Waste with Activated Carbon Addition: Effects on Methane Production and Microbial Community

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Yuxing Xu,
  • Haorui Yang,
  • Zhoulin Wang,
  • Chen Yang,
  • Yihua Xiao,
  • Changqing Liu

摘要

This study systematically evaluates the effects of granular activated carbon (GAC) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) on methanogenic performance during the anaerobic co-digestion of multicomponent organic solid wastes, including cow manure (CM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including measurements of methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and microbial community composition. Both GAC and PAC were individually tested and found to significantly enhance methane yields. The highest cumulative methane yield was obtained in the PAC4 group (591.00 mL g⁻¹ VS), representing an 18.67% increase over the control, while GAC6 reached 565.25 mL g⁻¹ VS, increased 13.50% comparing with the control. The maximum methane production rate (Rm) increased by up to 16.74% with PAC addition and 16.18% with GAC addition. Organic matter degradation was also improved, with SCOD removal efficiencies up to 94.85% in PAC4 group versus 67.17% in the control. The addition of GAC and PAC improved microbial community structure by increasing the relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes, which facilitated VFAs production. Microbial community analysis revealed that GAC enriched the acetoclastic methanogen Methanothrix (up to 63.82%), whereas PAC promoted hydrogenotrophic Methanomassiliicoccus. At equivalent dosages, PAC exhibited a more pronounced effect on methane enhancement compared to GAC, highlighting the crucial role of particle size in regulating methanogenic pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing methane production during anaerobic digestion through targeted use of activated carbon and offering practical strategies for optimizing waste-to-energy systems.

Graphical Abstract