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<p>Green nanotechnology has recently garnered significant attention due to its diverse applications, particularly for its reduced toxicity, biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. In this study, we aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using freshly extracted, juice from kaffir lime(<i>Citrus hystrix</i>) fruit (ZnO: KL NPs) through a simple and cost-effective green method. XRD, FTIR, SEM, HR-TEM techniques were used to characterize these ZnO: KL nanoparticles. Our finding demonstrates that earthworm (<i>Eudrilus eugeniae</i>) can effectively regulate ZnO: KL nanoparticles at a treatment concentration of 100&#xa0;mg/kg<sup>− 1</sup>. This treatment resulted in a two-fold increase in earthworm growth, enhanced cast production (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.88, 0.95, 0.84 and 0.95; 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively). ZnO: KL nanoparticles, created a more favorable environment for earthworm populations during vermicomposting process. Additionally, nanoparticles improved the humification index, as evidenced by the FTIR spectrum of the final vermicompost, showing an increase in the intensity of polysaccharide, aromatic and organic acid bands compared to a control group. These approaches highlight how eco-friendly synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can accelerate traditional vermicomposting process.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Acceleration of Vermicomposting Through Citrus hystrix Enriched ZnO Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Sampath Paventhan,
  • Pazhanisamy Kavitha,
  • Balasubramanian Kaleeswaran,
  • Singamoorthy Amalraj,
  • Raman Sripriya

摘要

Green nanotechnology has recently garnered significant attention due to its diverse applications, particularly for its reduced toxicity, biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. In this study, we aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using freshly extracted, juice from kaffir lime(Citrus hystrix) fruit (ZnO: KL NPs) through a simple and cost-effective green method. XRD, FTIR, SEM, HR-TEM techniques were used to characterize these ZnO: KL nanoparticles. Our finding demonstrates that earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) can effectively regulate ZnO: KL nanoparticles at a treatment concentration of 100 mg/kg− 1. This treatment resulted in a two-fold increase in earthworm growth, enhanced cast production (R2 = 0.88, 0.95, 0.84 and 0.95; 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively). ZnO: KL nanoparticles, created a more favorable environment for earthworm populations during vermicomposting process. Additionally, nanoparticles improved the humification index, as evidenced by the FTIR spectrum of the final vermicompost, showing an increase in the intensity of polysaccharide, aromatic and organic acid bands compared to a control group. These approaches highlight how eco-friendly synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can accelerate traditional vermicomposting process.

Graphical Abstract