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Purpose <p>Using micromycete-derived enzymes improves the bio-decomposition of plant residue biomass, making it a rich source of digestible sugars and protein-rich feed. Micromycetes, microscopic fungi, produce various enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates and other anti-nutritional factors in animal feed. Adding various enzyme preparations from micromycetes can enhance the digestibility of livestock feed. Microbial enzymes can help degrade the complex carbohydrates and fibers in plant-based feeds, making the nutrients more accessible to the animals.</p> Methods <p>Various natural sources were screened for multienzyme-producing fungal isolates, followed by screening and production of protease, cellulase, and xylanase. Twenty-seven fungi isolates from <i>Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Verticillium, Penicillium, Rhizomucor,</i> and <i>Mucor</i> genera were isolated from natural resources.</p> Results <p>According to the results, <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. N-17 strain showed the highest activity for three different enzymes (endo-1,4-β-glucanase—4.92 units/mL, exo-1,4-β-glucanase—2.25 units/mL, xylanase—8.25 units/mL). Also, <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. N-22, <i>Penicillium</i> sp. N-26 and <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. N-19 strains also had significant enzyme production potential with activities of 4.22, 3.97, and 3.42 units/mL for endo-1,4-β-glucanase and 6.65, 6.85, and 7.79 units/mL for xylanase, respectively. The other strains showed relatively lower but stable enzymatic activities. Among these, the most active <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. No. 17, which is fast-growing and actively produces protease, cellulolytic enzyme complex, and xylanase enzymes, was selected. The morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical, and nucleotide sequence of 18S rRNA characteristics of the selected isolate identified the isolate as <i>T. harzianum</i>. Cellulase enzyme activity and protein synthesis of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> strain THNUU-1 (N-17) were studied at different temperatures and pH values. The optimum enzymatic activities at 30&#xa0;°C were endo-1,4-β-glucanase 5.48 units/mL, exo-1,4-β-glucanase 2.89 units/mL, and protein content 5.47&#xa0;mg/mL. The maximum enzyme activity in pH media was about 5.5, with endo-1,4-β-glucanase reaching 6.31 units/mL, exo-1,4-β-glucanase 2.89 units/mL, and protein synthesis reaching 5.21&#xa0;mg/mL.</p> Conclusion <p>Soil contains plant biomass-decomposing fungi that can be grown on cellulosic waste by solid cultivation methods to obtain a product rich in sugars and proteins.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Eco-Friendly Biodegradation of Plant Biomass Using Multienzyme-Producing Trichoderma harzianum for Sustainable Feed Improvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月15日

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  • Sokhibjon Abdusamatov,
  • Dilfuza Jabborova,
  • Nodira Azimova,
  • J. E. Alimov,
  • B. Djalolova,
  • Saleh S. Alhewairini,
  • Riyaz Sayyed,
  • Monika Chaudhary,
  • N. N. Sultanov,
  • K. Davranov

摘要

Purpose

Using micromycete-derived enzymes improves the bio-decomposition of plant residue biomass, making it a rich source of digestible sugars and protein-rich feed. Micromycetes, microscopic fungi, produce various enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates and other anti-nutritional factors in animal feed. Adding various enzyme preparations from micromycetes can enhance the digestibility of livestock feed. Microbial enzymes can help degrade the complex carbohydrates and fibers in plant-based feeds, making the nutrients more accessible to the animals.

Methods

Various natural sources were screened for multienzyme-producing fungal isolates, followed by screening and production of protease, cellulase, and xylanase. Twenty-seven fungi isolates from Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Verticillium, Penicillium, Rhizomucor, and Mucor genera were isolated from natural resources.

Results

According to the results, Trichoderma sp. N-17 strain showed the highest activity for three different enzymes (endo-1,4-β-glucanase—4.92 units/mL, exo-1,4-β-glucanase—2.25 units/mL, xylanase—8.25 units/mL). Also, Trichoderma sp. N-22, Penicillium sp. N-26 and Trichoderma sp. N-19 strains also had significant enzyme production potential with activities of 4.22, 3.97, and 3.42 units/mL for endo-1,4-β-glucanase and 6.65, 6.85, and 7.79 units/mL for xylanase, respectively. The other strains showed relatively lower but stable enzymatic activities. Among these, the most active Trichoderma sp. No. 17, which is fast-growing and actively produces protease, cellulolytic enzyme complex, and xylanase enzymes, was selected. The morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical, and nucleotide sequence of 18S rRNA characteristics of the selected isolate identified the isolate as T. harzianum. Cellulase enzyme activity and protein synthesis of Trichoderma harzianum strain THNUU-1 (N-17) were studied at different temperatures and pH values. The optimum enzymatic activities at 30 °C were endo-1,4-β-glucanase 5.48 units/mL, exo-1,4-β-glucanase 2.89 units/mL, and protein content 5.47 mg/mL. The maximum enzyme activity in pH media was about 5.5, with endo-1,4-β-glucanase reaching 6.31 units/mL, exo-1,4-β-glucanase 2.89 units/mL, and protein synthesis reaching 5.21 mg/mL.

Conclusion

Soil contains plant biomass-decomposing fungi that can be grown on cellulosic waste by solid cultivation methods to obtain a product rich in sugars and proteins.

Graphical Abstract