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<p>Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is currently recognized as the most cost-effective process for wastewater nitrogen removal. In this study, the effects of volcanic rock, polyurethane sponge, fiber balls, and nylon fibers as stationary carriers, as well as the composite packing consisting of polyurethane sponge and nylon fibers, were evaluated in lab-scale fixed-bed biofilm reactors. The overall performance of the fixed-bed reactors with four types of carriers from priority to inferiority was noticed as, polyurethane sponge, nylon fibers, volcanic rock and fiber balls. The composite packing using polyurethane sponge and nylon fibers performed better overall than the single packing under the same packing ratio of 50 v%. The porous structure of the polyurethane sponge facilitated the attachment of anammox bacteria, which contributed to achieving a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.945 kg&#xa0;N/(m<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;d) within 52 days. The composite packing of polyurethane sponge and nylon fiber combined the advantages of the two types of packing, and was able to achieve an average <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + } {-}{\text{N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>NH</mtext> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mtext>N</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> removal efficiency of 85.6% at HRT of 6 h. The dominant genus of anammox bacteria attached to polyurethane sponge was <i>Candidatus_Kuenenia</i> (24.3%), and the dominant genus of anammox bacteria attached to nylon fibers was <i>Candidatus_Kuenenia</i> (24.1%). In conclusion, the results provide strong evidence for the realization of efficient anammox process in a fixed-bed reactor with the composite packing using polyurethane sponge and nylon fibers, and would benefit towards accomplishing a stable partial nitritation-anammox process in future applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Influence of Carrier Material and Performance Optimization of Anammox Process Based on Fixed Bed Method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Jie Han,
  • Youzhao Wang,
  • Rui Du,
  • Yaonan Zhu,
  • Xu Li,
  • Yongguang Ma,
  • Xiaoyan Dang,
  • Shumin He,
  • Sai Yao,
  • Tong Zhu

摘要

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is currently recognized as the most cost-effective process for wastewater nitrogen removal. In this study, the effects of volcanic rock, polyurethane sponge, fiber balls, and nylon fibers as stationary carriers, as well as the composite packing consisting of polyurethane sponge and nylon fibers, were evaluated in lab-scale fixed-bed biofilm reactors. The overall performance of the fixed-bed reactors with four types of carriers from priority to inferiority was noticed as, polyurethane sponge, nylon fibers, volcanic rock and fiber balls. The composite packing using polyurethane sponge and nylon fibers performed better overall than the single packing under the same packing ratio of 50 v%. The porous structure of the polyurethane sponge facilitated the attachment of anammox bacteria, which contributed to achieving a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.945 kg N/(m3 d) within 52 days. The composite packing of polyurethane sponge and nylon fiber combined the advantages of the two types of packing, and was able to achieve an average \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + } {-}{\text{N}}\) NH 4 + - N removal efficiency of 85.6% at HRT of 6 h. The dominant genus of anammox bacteria attached to polyurethane sponge was Candidatus_Kuenenia (24.3%), and the dominant genus of anammox bacteria attached to nylon fibers was Candidatus_Kuenenia (24.1%). In conclusion, the results provide strong evidence for the realization of efficient anammox process in a fixed-bed reactor with the composite packing using polyurethane sponge and nylon fibers, and would benefit towards accomplishing a stable partial nitritation-anammox process in future applications.

Graphical abstract