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<p>Cement, the primary constituent of concrete, is produced in extensive quantities, leading to various environmental issues. Researchers have explored the different materials that can be utilized for concrete production. Rice straw ash (RSA) is one of the by-products produced during the combustion of rice straw in biomass-based power plants and is usually disposed of in landfills. Therefore, in order to provide a sustainable solution to both issues, the study aims to utilize RSA, from 10 to 40% with an interval of 10%, for concrete production. Metakaolin (MK) was also incorporated with RSA at a fixed replacement level of 5%. Various mechanical and durability characteristics were assessed after 28, 56, and 90&#xa0;days of curing. The output of the study highlighted that a combination of 10% RSA and 5% MK achieved optimal performance in terms of strength and durability attributes, which was further validated using scanning electron microscopy, highlighting the formation of additional hydration products and a denser microstructure. The incorporation of RSA and MK has reduced the overall production costs of cement while minimizing environmental impacts. This approach has demonstrated the potential of utilizing RSA as a viable construction material, promoting sustainability in reducing the ecological footprint of cement production.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Strength and Durability Characteristics of Binary and Ternary Blends Containing High Volume of Rice Straw Ash and Metakaolin: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Practical Implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Rajwinder Singh,
  • Mahesh Patel

摘要

Cement, the primary constituent of concrete, is produced in extensive quantities, leading to various environmental issues. Researchers have explored the different materials that can be utilized for concrete production. Rice straw ash (RSA) is one of the by-products produced during the combustion of rice straw in biomass-based power plants and is usually disposed of in landfills. Therefore, in order to provide a sustainable solution to both issues, the study aims to utilize RSA, from 10 to 40% with an interval of 10%, for concrete production. Metakaolin (MK) was also incorporated with RSA at a fixed replacement level of 5%. Various mechanical and durability characteristics were assessed after 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. The output of the study highlighted that a combination of 10% RSA and 5% MK achieved optimal performance in terms of strength and durability attributes, which was further validated using scanning electron microscopy, highlighting the formation of additional hydration products and a denser microstructure. The incorporation of RSA and MK has reduced the overall production costs of cement while minimizing environmental impacts. This approach has demonstrated the potential of utilizing RSA as a viable construction material, promoting sustainability in reducing the ecological footprint of cement production.

Graphical Abstract