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<p>Understanding the physico-chemical properties of biochar is crucial for optimizing its use as a soil amendment to enhance crop growth. This study focuses on biochar produced from three types of biomass prevalent in the eastern Himalayan region: pine wood residue, maize stalk, and mixed weeds. The biochar was applied to soil at different rates (0, 5, 10, and 20 t ha<sup>−</sup>¹) to evaluate its effects on soil properties and French bean yield. The results revealed that mixed weed biochar (MWB) and maize stalk biochar (MSB) had alkaline pH values (9.83 and 9.31, respectively), whereas pine residue biochar (PRB) was acidic with a pH of 5.84. Notably, PRB contained 23–49% more total organic carbon compared to the other biochars. In contrast, MSB and MWB exhibited significantly higher levels of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Surface area analysis showed values ranging from 13.758&#xa0;m² g⁻¹ for PRB to 15.454&#xa0;m² g⁻¹ for MWB. Microscopy studies highlighted structural differences, with PRB particles being irregular and smaller, while MSB particles were larger and spherical. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra identified various functional groups, such as O-H, P-H, N = O, NH2, C-O, P = O, and S = O in the biochar samples. Application of MWB and MSB resulted in notable improvements in soil pH, soil organic carbon, moisture content, and French bean yield, particularly with increased biochar application rates. This research emphasizes the potential of biochar derived from agricultural waste as a sustainable approach to improving soil health and boosting agricultural productivity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Harnessing the Valorization Potential of Waste Biomass of Eastern Himalaya, India Through Biochar: Physico-Chemical Cum Morphological Insights and Effect on Soil Properties and Crop Yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Arumugam Balusamy,
  • Jayanta Layek,
  • Samarendra Hazarika,
  • Ramesh Thangavel,
  • R. Krishnappa,
  • Rumi Narzari,
  • H Jiten Singh,
  • M. Homeshwari Devi,
  • B. U. Choudhury,
  • Abhishek Kumar,
  • V. K. Mishra

摘要

Understanding the physico-chemical properties of biochar is crucial for optimizing its use as a soil amendment to enhance crop growth. This study focuses on biochar produced from three types of biomass prevalent in the eastern Himalayan region: pine wood residue, maize stalk, and mixed weeds. The biochar was applied to soil at different rates (0, 5, 10, and 20 t ha−¹) to evaluate its effects on soil properties and French bean yield. The results revealed that mixed weed biochar (MWB) and maize stalk biochar (MSB) had alkaline pH values (9.83 and 9.31, respectively), whereas pine residue biochar (PRB) was acidic with a pH of 5.84. Notably, PRB contained 23–49% more total organic carbon compared to the other biochars. In contrast, MSB and MWB exhibited significantly higher levels of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Surface area analysis showed values ranging from 13.758 m² g⁻¹ for PRB to 15.454 m² g⁻¹ for MWB. Microscopy studies highlighted structural differences, with PRB particles being irregular and smaller, while MSB particles were larger and spherical. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra identified various functional groups, such as O-H, P-H, N = O, NH2, C-O, P = O, and S = O in the biochar samples. Application of MWB and MSB resulted in notable improvements in soil pH, soil organic carbon, moisture content, and French bean yield, particularly with increased biochar application rates. This research emphasizes the potential of biochar derived from agricultural waste as a sustainable approach to improving soil health and boosting agricultural productivity.

Graphical Abstract