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<p>The catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is a crucial process in biomass valorization to produce fuels and chemicals. Herein, a series of non-precious metal biochar-based catalysts were easily prepared via the one-step thermal treatment of biological waste(lees residues-LC, pomelo peels-GC) and metal salts(Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu nitrates). By tuning the thermal treatment atmosphere (N₂ atmosphere-N or air atmosphere-A) and selecting different alcohol solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), the structural evolution of the catalysts and their impact on furfural hydrogenation performance were systematically investigated. Catalyst characterization confirmed that an N₂ atmosphere promotes the formation of nanoscale low-valence metal phases, whereas air conditions induce metal aggregation into high-valence oxides. Catalytic tests demonstrated that Co/LC-N achieved an 89.4% furfural conversion rate and 60.0% furfuryl alcohol selectivity in ethanol. Cu/GC-A exhibited exceptional performance in methanol, surpassing 95.4% selectivity and 95.0% yield (150–170&#xa0;°C). Mechanistic studies revealed that the nature of metal active centers and multivalence regulation predominantly govern hydrogenation activity, with a significantly greater influence than particle size and dispersion, offering new insights into the rational design of furfural hydrogenation catalysts.</p>

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Non-Precious Metal Biochar-Based Catalysts for Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Junhong Liu,
  • Wenjie Zhang,
  • Ningjun Li,
  • Longlong Ma,
  • Lungang Chen

摘要

The catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is a crucial process in biomass valorization to produce fuels and chemicals. Herein, a series of non-precious metal biochar-based catalysts were easily prepared via the one-step thermal treatment of biological waste(lees residues-LC, pomelo peels-GC) and metal salts(Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu nitrates). By tuning the thermal treatment atmosphere (N₂ atmosphere-N or air atmosphere-A) and selecting different alcohol solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), the structural evolution of the catalysts and their impact on furfural hydrogenation performance were systematically investigated. Catalyst characterization confirmed that an N₂ atmosphere promotes the formation of nanoscale low-valence metal phases, whereas air conditions induce metal aggregation into high-valence oxides. Catalytic tests demonstrated that Co/LC-N achieved an 89.4% furfural conversion rate and 60.0% furfuryl alcohol selectivity in ethanol. Cu/GC-A exhibited exceptional performance in methanol, surpassing 95.4% selectivity and 95.0% yield (150–170 °C). Mechanistic studies revealed that the nature of metal active centers and multivalence regulation predominantly govern hydrogenation activity, with a significantly greater influence than particle size and dispersion, offering new insights into the rational design of furfural hydrogenation catalysts.