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<p>Recently, bio-reduced graphene oxide has gained more attention in the medical community, because of its effective biocompatibility and enhanced efficacy. In the present study, the extracellular synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (rGO) using the potent actinobacterial strain <i>Streptomyces rochei</i> Ra3. The synthesised Ra3-rGO were thoroughly characterized using advanced analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analyses. The UV–vis Spectroscopy confirms the band at 269 and 306&#xa0;nm, indicates the successful synthesis of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The crystalline nature of GO and rGO was determined through XRD analysis. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that secondary metabolites from <i>S. rochei</i> contains numerous functional groups that helps to reduce GO to rGO. HR-TEM analysis indicated that the resulting rGO particles exhibited a size range of 25 – 35&#xa0;nm. The antibacterial efficiency of the rGO against clinical pathogens was evaluated, and the results demonstrated a significant enhanced zone of inhibition. In antioxidant activity exhibited 62.12% radical scavenging activity and dose-dependent antidiabetic activity. In vitro anticancer activity of rGO at 100&#xa0;μg/mL showed significant inhibition of 73.71%. An in vivo toxicity study on zebrafish embryos reveals that concentrations of 1&#xa0;mg/mL and above caused toxic effects. Molecular docking simulations revealed a favourable interaction between the diabetes-associated virulence protein and the ligand, characterized by a low binding free energy. These findings suggests that <i>S. rochei</i> mediated synthesis of rGO have promising biological applications and opening avenues for further advancements in the biological synthesis of nanomaterials and utilization.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Facile Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide using Streptomyces rochei Ra3: Characterization, Biological Applications and In Silico Analysis of Diabetes-Related Proteins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月22日

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  • Nithyalakshmi Mohanam,
  • Lokesh Elumalai,
  • Sivarajan Anbalmani,
  • Saurav Dixit,
  • Sivarasan Ganesan,
  • Sri Ragavi Govindaraj,
  • Balagurunathan Ramasamy

摘要

Recently, bio-reduced graphene oxide has gained more attention in the medical community, because of its effective biocompatibility and enhanced efficacy. In the present study, the extracellular synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles (rGO) using the potent actinobacterial strain Streptomyces rochei Ra3. The synthesised Ra3-rGO were thoroughly characterized using advanced analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analyses. The UV–vis Spectroscopy confirms the band at 269 and 306 nm, indicates the successful synthesis of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The crystalline nature of GO and rGO was determined through XRD analysis. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that secondary metabolites from S. rochei contains numerous functional groups that helps to reduce GO to rGO. HR-TEM analysis indicated that the resulting rGO particles exhibited a size range of 25 – 35 nm. The antibacterial efficiency of the rGO against clinical pathogens was evaluated, and the results demonstrated a significant enhanced zone of inhibition. In antioxidant activity exhibited 62.12% radical scavenging activity and dose-dependent antidiabetic activity. In vitro anticancer activity of rGO at 100 μg/mL showed significant inhibition of 73.71%. An in vivo toxicity study on zebrafish embryos reveals that concentrations of 1 mg/mL and above caused toxic effects. Molecular docking simulations revealed a favourable interaction between the diabetes-associated virulence protein and the ligand, characterized by a low binding free energy. These findings suggests that S. rochei mediated synthesis of rGO have promising biological applications and opening avenues for further advancements in the biological synthesis of nanomaterials and utilization.

Graphical Abstract