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<p>Maize is an important cereal crop in India and a target crop for bioethanol production. However, significant post-harvest losses occur in maize due to unfavourable climatic conditions or lack of proper storage facilities. Such damaged/spoiled grains are unfit for human consumption but can be either used as feedstock for animals or can be used as low-cost substrate for bioethanol production as they contain a considerable amount of starch (40–60%). The present study was carried out for liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation of damaged and spoiled corn grains for bioethanol production. Crude α-amylase from bacterial isolate AM1 with activity of 8.83&#xa0;IU/ml and glucoamylase from <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. with activity of 27.71&#xa0;IU/ml were used for liquefaction and saccharification, respectively. The optimal substrate concentration for enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be 12%. Enzymatic liquefaction of 12% damaged corn grains resulted in an efficiency of 64.54% of liquefaction, employing 3% (v/v) of α-amylase after 2.5&#xa0;h of liquefaction. A maximum saccharification efficiency of 50.66% was identified with a saccharifying enzyme dose of 1.5% (v/v) with a saccharification time of 48&#xa0;h and substrate concentration of 12%. At optimized conditions, the maximum ethanol content of 2.9% (v/v) was obtained under Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF). In the case of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), a maximum ethanol content of 3.6% (v/v) was obtained.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Process Optimization for Ethanol Production from Damaged Corn Grains by Separate Hydrolysis & Fermentation and Simultaneous Saccharification & Fermentation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月31日

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  • Ayushi Paika,
  • Priya Katyal,
  • Pardeep Kumar,
  • Mukesh Choudhary

摘要

Maize is an important cereal crop in India and a target crop for bioethanol production. However, significant post-harvest losses occur in maize due to unfavourable climatic conditions or lack of proper storage facilities. Such damaged/spoiled grains are unfit for human consumption but can be either used as feedstock for animals or can be used as low-cost substrate for bioethanol production as they contain a considerable amount of starch (40–60%). The present study was carried out for liquefaction, saccharification and fermentation of damaged and spoiled corn grains for bioethanol production. Crude α-amylase from bacterial isolate AM1 with activity of 8.83 IU/ml and glucoamylase from Aspergillus sp. with activity of 27.71 IU/ml were used for liquefaction and saccharification, respectively. The optimal substrate concentration for enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be 12%. Enzymatic liquefaction of 12% damaged corn grains resulted in an efficiency of 64.54% of liquefaction, employing 3% (v/v) of α-amylase after 2.5 h of liquefaction. A maximum saccharification efficiency of 50.66% was identified with a saccharifying enzyme dose of 1.5% (v/v) with a saccharification time of 48 h and substrate concentration of 12%. At optimized conditions, the maximum ethanol content of 2.9% (v/v) was obtained under Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF). In the case of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), a maximum ethanol content of 3.6% (v/v) was obtained.

Graphical abstract