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<p>This study delves into the potential insecticidal properties of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> (Lotus) against the cutworm <i>Spodoptera litura</i> L., a significant agricultural pest. Analysis of the chemical profile of <i>N. nucifera</i> revealed that the peak area was highest for 6a-. beta. -Aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy- (33.79%), followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (21.14%). Notably, larval mortality was most pronounced at the peak dosage of <i>N. nucifera</i> (2.5 mg/L) on the second (96%), third (87%), and fourth (85%) instars. Additionally, sub-lethal dosages of <i>N. nucifera</i> (1.5 milligrams per liter) significantly hindered the growth of <i>S. litura</i> by extending the larval and pupal durations while also reducing fecundity and Oviposition rates in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to sub-lethal dosages of <i>N. nucifera</i> led to both inhibition and upregulation of major enzymes (esterases, CYP450 and GST). Severe damage as well as dysregulation of midgut tissues were observed in fourth instars of <i>S. litura</i> exposed to <i>N. nucifera</i> (2.5 milligrams per liter). Moreover, our results indicate that <i>N. nucifera</i> extracts pose no harm to soil earthworms and beneficial honey bees, as confirmed through in vitro assays and in silico predictions, respectively. Overall, these findings offer promising prospects for the development of new bio-based agents for targeting and managing the lepidopteran pest <i>S. litura</i>.</p>

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Green Extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus): Promising Alternatives for Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Management Through Chemical Profiling and Insecticidal Evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月11日

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  • Natesan Krishnamurthy,
  • Kannan Revathi,
  • Rajamanickam Chandrasekaran,
  • Sami Al Obaid,
  • Hossam M. Aljawdah,
  • Palanisamy Srinivasan

摘要

This study delves into the potential insecticidal properties of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) against the cutworm Spodoptera litura L., a significant agricultural pest. Analysis of the chemical profile of N. nucifera revealed that the peak area was highest for 6a-. beta. -Aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy- (33.79%), followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (21.14%). Notably, larval mortality was most pronounced at the peak dosage of N. nucifera (2.5 mg/L) on the second (96%), third (87%), and fourth (85%) instars. Additionally, sub-lethal dosages of N. nucifera (1.5 milligrams per liter) significantly hindered the growth of S. litura by extending the larval and pupal durations while also reducing fecundity and Oviposition rates in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to sub-lethal dosages of N. nucifera led to both inhibition and upregulation of major enzymes (esterases, CYP450 and GST). Severe damage as well as dysregulation of midgut tissues were observed in fourth instars of S. litura exposed to N. nucifera (2.5 milligrams per liter). Moreover, our results indicate that N. nucifera extracts pose no harm to soil earthworms and beneficial honey bees, as confirmed through in vitro assays and in silico predictions, respectively. Overall, these findings offer promising prospects for the development of new bio-based agents for targeting and managing the lepidopteran pest S. litura.