Unveiling Biodeteriogen VITSN 3 and VITSN 10 from Dewas and Ranipet Leather Effluent Valorisation: 16S rRNA Sequencing, Optimization, Immobilization, and Docking Studies

The leather industry poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability, necessitating a valorisation of natural resource strategies to mitigate its adverse impacts. The present study aimed to isolate the microorganisms from Dewas and Ranipet leather effluent. Based on the screening, VITSN 3 and VITSN 10 were identified as potential biodeteriogens and demonstrated consistent and enhanced hide degradation activity. The morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that both the bacterial isolates are rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative and identified as Pseudomonas panipatensis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with 100% and 99.8% BLAST matches and was successfully published in GenBank with accession numbers: PQ196721 and PQ196654. The optimization of media components for total yield using RSM showed that the experimental value is similar to the predicted value which signifies the result and the model’s overall significance p value of < 0.0001 and 0.0003 suggests that it may be used to explain the response variability as a whole. Moreover, the use of  natural dyes for immobilization of bacteria has demonstrated promising outcomes in terms of viability and degradation efficiency. Gelatine obtained from culture filtrate by hide degradation was 13.9 g/l and slightly yellowish. Additionally, the gelatine solution's pH of 5.6 indicates its acidic nature, making it suitable for various industrial uses. Further, the molecular docking study of the protein present in the bacterial isolate showed a higher binding affinity with aloin A with the binding affinity score of (− 8.0, − 7.0, − 7.4, and − 7.3 kcal/mol), followed by ancistrocladine, enterodiol, 1,3-Benzodioxol-2-one, hexahydro-, cis-, and 2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole.