Synthesis and Formulation Design of Sideroxylon Mascatense Branches Extract Mediated Nano-Emulsion Cream: Characterization, Antimicrobial, Wound Healing and Antidiabetic Activities Assessment

In order to harness the potential therapeutic effects of Sideroxylon mascatense branches, a nanoemulsion cream formulation (FNeC3) was prepared from a methanolic extract. Several parameters were evaluated to ensure the quality and efficacy of the prepared nanoemulsion cream (FNeC3). An analysis of the properties of prepared nanoemulsion cream was performed (zeta size, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and spreadability). Plant extract and excipients used in nanoemulsion cream were tested for compatibility and stability using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The prepared nanoemulsion cream (FNeC3) wound healing potential was carried out using the Albino rat excision wound model. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats model were used to test the nano cream’s antidiabetic activity. Additionally, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the nanoemulsion cream (FNeC3) were assessed using disc diffusion assays against various bacterial strains. A favorable physicochemical profile of the prepared nanoemulsion cream was observed. The prepared nanoemulsion cream (FNeC3) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as compared to the negative control group. Enhanced wound healing, antidiabetic activity, and antimicrobial properties were observed with nanoemulsion cream (FNeC3). The study suggests that the prepared nanoemulsion cream could provide therapeutic benefits when used as a topical drug delivery system.