Sun-powered Wastewater Treatment with a Hydrogen Bonus: Unveiling the Potential of Zno-Tio₂ Nanoparticles

Wastewater and drinking water that include heavy metals pose a serious hazard to the environment and all land, air, and water-based life. Wastewater treatment employs various methods, including cutting-edge nanomaterials and biological techniques like photocatalysis. This article introduces ZnO-TiO₂ nanoparticles for wastewater treatment through algal bioremediation. Different photocatalytic genres are explored, showcasing the potential for solar-driven hydrogen production from water with ZnO-TiO₂-supported photocatalysts interacting comprehensively with pollutant molecules. Nano photocatalysts are applied using diverse techniques: creating hydrogel structures for immobilization, electrospinning for nanocatalyst treatment, and forming core–shell structures to enhance catalytic activity. Addressing environmental degradation, recent research prioritizes catalysis for converting biomass into eco-friendly fuels. The high cost of algae-based biodiesel is linked to substantial water and inorganic fertilizer demands. This study utilizes Scenedesmus sp DDVG I and Chlorella sp for low-nitrogen wastewater bioremediation. It explores hydrogen generation using renewable electricity and introduces FeCO-NiCoP nanowire arrays to enhance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) performance. Matlab software evaluates the proposed task, highlighting advancements in sustainable wastewater treatment and efficient hydrogen production. The findings showed that with efficient wastewater treatment, harvesting efficiency increased by 99.58%. The outcomes show that using microalgae is a sustainable strategy since it increases the effectiveness of removing nutrients from wastewater.